{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381327278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577193.3593710","title":"CMLCompiler: A Unified Compiler for Classical Machine Learning","display_name":"CMLCompiler: A Unified Compiler for Classical Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381327278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577193.3593710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577193.3593710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577193.3593710","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577193.3593710","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577193.3593710","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101418436","display_name":"Xu Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075110031","display_name":"Wanling Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-9389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanling Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062687176","display_name":"Anzheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1892-9420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anzheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435758","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-9561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013767183","display_name":"Zihan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085963553","display_name":"Jianfeng Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101418436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05944075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.9576562643051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8769611120223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.8194917440414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.7382699251174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5268755555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.4941711723804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.39634037017822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34997737407684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3257542848587036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.9576562643051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8769611120223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.8194917440414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.7382699251174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5268755555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.4941711723804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.39634037017822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34997737407684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3257542848587036}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577193.3593710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577193.3593710","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577193.3593710","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3577193.3593710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3577193.3593710","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3577193.3593710","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Supercomputing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381327278.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381327278.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555199703","https://openalex.org/W1571024744","https://openalex.org/W2143545157","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2610314927","https://openalex.org/W2759083144","https://openalex.org/W2762618135","https://openalex.org/W2768149277","https://openalex.org/W2784561332","https://openalex.org/W2794670651","https://openalex.org/W2804500013","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914209329","https://openalex.org/W2931743911","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2981758446","https://openalex.org/W2996282314","https://openalex.org/W3014140399","https://openalex.org/W3092207469","https://openalex.org/W3107540182","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3145804791","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3202586005","https://openalex.org/W4238002057","https://openalex.org/W4243037160","https://openalex.org/W4285451014","https://openalex.org/W4286911319","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6679915538","https://openalex.org/W6687322159","https://openalex.org/W6752057402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2136735429","https://openalex.org/W2128640905","https://openalex.org/W2011460173","https://openalex.org/W2778498407","https://openalex.org/W2021092055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classical":[0],"machine":[1,8],"learning":[2,9,35],"(CML)":[3],"occupies":[4],"nearly":[5],"half":[6],"of":[7,33,52,141],"pipelines":[10,146],"in":[11],"production":[12],"applications.":[13],"Unfortunately,":[14],"it":[15],"fails":[16],"to":[17,92,113,129,149],"utilize":[18],"the":[19,30,50,76,130],"state-of-the-practice":[20],"devices":[21],"fully":[22],"and":[23,37,44,68,78,107,122,137,143,159],"performs":[24,75],"poorly.":[25],"Without":[26],"a":[27,53],"unified":[28,54,64,84],"framework,":[29],"hybrid":[31],"deployments":[32],"deep":[34],"(DL)":[36],"CML":[38,59,142],"also":[39],"suffer":[40],"from":[41],"severe":[42],"performance":[43,140],"portability":[45,106],"issues.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"presents":[49],"design":[51],"compiler,":[55],"called":[56],"CMLCompiler,":[57],"for":[58],"inference.":[60],"We":[61,97],"propose":[62],"two":[63,83],"abstractions:":[65],"operator":[66],"representations":[67],"extended":[69],"computational":[70,90],"graphs.":[71],"The":[72,102,156],"CMLCompiler":[73,99],"framework":[74],"conversion":[77],"graph":[79,91],"optimization":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82,100,116,120,125],"abstractions,":[85],"then":[86],"outputs":[87],"an":[88],"optimized":[89],"DL":[93,144],"compilers":[94],"or":[95],"frameworks.":[96],"implement":[98],"TVM.":[101],"evaluation":[103],"shows":[104],"CMLCompiler's":[105],"superior":[108],"performance.":[109],"It":[110],"achieves":[111,147],"up":[112,148],"4.38\u00d7":[114],"speedup":[115,119,124,151],"CPU,":[117],"3.31\u00d7":[118],"GPU,":[121],"5.09\u00d7":[123],"IoT":[126],"devices,":[127],"compared":[128,152],"state-of-the-art":[131],"solutions":[132],"---":[133],"scikit-learn,":[134],"intel":[135],"sklearn,":[136],"hummingbird.":[138],"Our":[139],"mixed":[145],"3.04x":[150],"with":[153],"cross-framework":[154],"implementations.":[155],"project":[157],"documents":[158],"source":[160],"code":[161],"are":[162],"available":[163],"at":[164],"https://www.computercouncil.org/cmlcompiler.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}