{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388857879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3623171","title":"How Hard is Takeover in DPoS Blockchains? Understanding the Security of Coin-based Voting Governance","display_name":"How Hard is Takeover in DPoS Blockchains? Understanding the Security of Coin-based Voting Governance","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388857879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3623171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576915.3623171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3623171","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749967","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-6899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-6899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103337534","display_name":"Balaji Palanisamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-0913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji Palanisamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-0913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785871","display_name":"Runhua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runhua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-9764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019931070","display_name":"Li Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070828650","display_name":"Jiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-4327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-4327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777576","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-1589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"150","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.7558667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.6290449500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6139684915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/de-facto","display_name":"De facto","score":0.6113223433494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5016438961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4788810610771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.47757819294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.43494874238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-reasoner","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","score":0.43145620822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.43072229623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.41087770462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2319543957710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1416829228401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.1407894790172577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07491451501846313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.7558667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6290449500083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6139684915542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.6113223433494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5016438961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4788810610771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47757819294929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.43494874238967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.43145620822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.43072229623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41087770462036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2319543957710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1416829228401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1407894790172577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07491451501846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576915.3623171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3623171","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G964961799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202038, U21A20463, U22B2027, 62272031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523833175","https://openalex.org/W1820692873","https://openalex.org/W1968166401","https://openalex.org/W1995488889","https://openalex.org/W2029948740","https://openalex.org/W2042473526","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2912568927","https://openalex.org/W2963824904","https://openalex.org/W2971052312","https://openalex.org/W2973945032","https://openalex.org/W2982117380","https://openalex.org/W2986858900","https://openalex.org/W3008350311","https://openalex.org/W3084119526","https://openalex.org/W3089443464","https://openalex.org/W3116529252","https://openalex.org/W3127104553","https://openalex.org/W3134263717","https://openalex.org/W3170841198","https://openalex.org/W3173868554","https://openalex.org/W4214733345","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4284704669","https://openalex.org/W4287888697","https://openalex.org/W4289799450","https://openalex.org/W4295101979","https://openalex.org/W4302571648","https://openalex.org/W6794917525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W335786557","https://openalex.org/W2043069798","https://openalex.org/W1525578575","https://openalex.org/W4311463983","https://openalex.org/W3108317354","https://openalex.org/W4297573717","https://openalex.org/W1596100069","https://openalex.org/W4283692793","https://openalex.org/W4321843854","https://openalex.org/W157440325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delegated-Proof-of-Stake":[0],"(DPoS)":[1],"blockchains,":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"EOSIO,":[5],"Steem":[6,35,50,55],"and":[7,36,76,97],"TRON,":[8],"are":[9,92],"governed":[10],"by":[11],"a":[12,19,68],"committee":[13],"of":[14,41,74],"block":[15],"producers":[16],"elected":[17],"via":[18],"coin-based":[20],"voting":[21],"system.":[22],"We":[23],"recently":[24],"witnessed":[25],"the":[26,48,53,59,72,98],"first":[27],"de":[28],"facto":[29],"blockchain":[30,60],"takeover":[31],"that":[32,61],"happened":[33],"between":[34],"TRON.":[37],"Within":[38],"one":[39],"hour":[40],"this":[42],"incident,":[43],"TRON":[44],"founder":[45],"took":[46],"over":[47],"entire":[49],"committee,":[51],"forcing":[52],"original":[54],"community":[56],"to":[57,95,107],"leave":[58],"they":[62],"maintained":[63],"for":[64],"years.":[65],"This":[66],"is":[67,85],"historical":[69],"event":[70],"in":[71,93,100],"evolution":[73],"blockchains":[75,91],"Web":[77],"3.0.":[78],"Despite":[79],"its":[80],"significant":[81],"disruptive":[82],"impact,":[83],"little":[84],"known":[86],"about":[87],"how":[88],"vulnerable":[89],"DPoS":[90],"general":[94],"takeovers":[96],"ways":[99],"which":[101],"we":[102],"can":[103],"improve":[104],"their":[105],"resistance":[106],"takeovers.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}