{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388858786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3616661","title":"TileMask: A Passive-Reflection-based Attack against mmWave Radar Object Detection in Autonomous Driving","display_name":"TileMask: A Passive-Reflection-based Attack against mmWave Radar Object Detection in Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388858786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3616661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576915.3616661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3616661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434324","display_name":"Yi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-3918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091132390","display_name":"Chenglin Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-7099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014632942","display_name":"Hongfei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-9668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-9668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016863481","display_name":"Zhengxiong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxiong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053511861","display_name":"Yunnan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-4942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunnan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-4942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035679293","display_name":"Wenyao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-9411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-9411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732938","display_name":"L\u00fc Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-543X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-543X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100728176","display_name":"Chunming Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunming Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-6572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1317","last_page":"1331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7854887843132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6567364931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6519477963447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.623429000377655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5529657006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5418702960014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5128858089447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47206881642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-portable-radar","display_name":"Man-portable radar","score":0.47124677896499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4299226999282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4269437789916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.272447407245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18010202050209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.14226797223091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7854887843132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6567364931106567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6519477963447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.623429000377655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5529657006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5418702960014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5128858089447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4753322899341583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47206881642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.47124677896499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4299226999282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4269437789916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.272447407245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18010202050209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.14226797223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576915.3616661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3616661","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W251927068","https://openalex.org/W2016549506","https://openalex.org/W2127130980","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2596351484","https://openalex.org/W2625848437","https://openalex.org/W2740323046","https://openalex.org/W2796574722","https://openalex.org/W2888024549","https://openalex.org/W2889144763","https://openalex.org/W2959364614","https://openalex.org/W2962818872","https://openalex.org/W2963995996","https://openalex.org/W2965511173","https://openalex.org/W2979411809","https://openalex.org/W2991216808","https://openalex.org/W3016993369","https://openalex.org/W3017720918","https://openalex.org/W3036394006","https://openalex.org/W3047492485","https://openalex.org/W3085866279","https://openalex.org/W3088377098","https://openalex.org/W3094773491","https://openalex.org/W3097573595","https://openalex.org/W3098881644","https://openalex.org/W3109892785","https://openalex.org/W3123744197","https://openalex.org/W3126650150","https://openalex.org/W3128655704","https://openalex.org/W3134264943","https://openalex.org/W3134772664","https://openalex.org/W3154528133","https://openalex.org/W3155956353","https://openalex.org/W3158530087","https://openalex.org/W3162158711","https://openalex.org/W3179761913","https://openalex.org/W3188904992","https://openalex.org/W3196948083","https://openalex.org/W3197530628","https://openalex.org/W3197881297","https://openalex.org/W3205572914","https://openalex.org/W3211513727","https://openalex.org/W3211707810","https://openalex.org/W3213786138","https://openalex.org/W3213927281","https://openalex.org/W3214186465","https://openalex.org/W4206230075","https://openalex.org/W4298325597","https://openalex.org/W4306178410","https://openalex.org/W4313172341","https://openalex.org/W4321383511","https://openalex.org/W4324007222","https://openalex.org/W4382467883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214971438","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W2547512259","https://openalex.org/W4251811315","https://openalex.org/W2538429790","https://openalex.org/W2135972757","https://openalex.org/W1843723167","https://openalex.org/W2109432658","https://openalex.org/W3091813531","https://openalex.org/W4225380560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,141],"autonomous":[1,59],"driving,":[2],"millimeter":[3],"wave":[4],"(mmWave)":[5],"radar":[6,27,83,108,129,151,176,218,270],"has":[7],"been":[8,89],"widely":[9],"adopted":[10],"for":[11,58],"object":[12,28,84,152,177,219,271],"detection":[13,85,178,220,272],"because":[14,38],"of":[15,81,166,255],"its":[16],"robustness":[17],"and":[18,23,43,45,127,130,192,240,250,277],"reliability":[19],"under":[20],"various":[21],"weather":[22],"lighting":[24],"conditions.":[25],"For":[26],"detection,":[29],"deep":[30],"neural":[31],"networks":[32],"(DNNs)":[33],"are":[34,40,72,103,131],"becoming":[35],"increasingly":[36],"important":[37],"they":[39],"more":[41],"robust":[42],"accurate,":[44],"can":[46,146,185,212,229],"provide":[47],"rich":[48],"semantic":[49],"information":[50],"about":[51],"the":[52,78,107,125,128,156,164,174,215,227,231,253,260,264,268],"detected":[53],"objects,":[54],"which":[55,134,246],"is":[56,259],"critical":[57],"vehicles":[60],"(AVs)":[61],"to":[62,74,95,105,172],"make":[63],"decisions.":[64],"However,":[65],"recent":[66],"studies":[67,91],"have":[68,88,247],"shown":[69],"that":[70,226],"DNNs":[71],"vulnerable":[73],"adversarial":[75,96,170,201,238],"attacks.":[76,97],"Despite":[77],"rapid":[79],"development":[80],"DNN-based":[82,150,175,269],"models,":[86],"there":[87],"no":[90],"on":[92,207,263],"their":[93,136],"vulnerability":[94],"Although":[98],"some":[99,116,204],"spoofing":[100],"attack":[101,106,144,149,173,232],"methods":[102,145],"proposed":[104],"sensor":[109],"by":[110,234],"actively":[111],"transmitting":[112],"specific":[113,205],"signals":[114],"using":[115,167,189,235,274],"special":[117],"devices,":[118],"these":[119,143,200],"attacks":[120,266],"require":[121],"sub-nanosecond-level":[122],"synchronization":[123],"between":[124],"devices":[126],"very":[132],"costly,":[133],"limits":[135],"practicability":[137],"in":[138,159],"real":[139],"world.":[140],"addition,":[142],"not":[147],"effectively":[148],"detection.":[153],"To":[154,252],"address":[155],"above":[157],"problems,":[158],"this":[160,258],"paper,":[161],"we":[162,211],"investigate":[163],"possibility":[165],"a":[168,208],"few":[169],"objects":[171,184,202,239],"models":[179,273],"through":[180],"passive":[181],"reflection.":[182],"These":[183],"be":[186],"easily":[187,213,278],"fabricated":[188],"3D":[190],"printing":[191],"metal":[193],"foils":[194],"at":[195,203],"low":[196],"cost.":[197],"By":[198],"placing":[199],"locations":[206],"target":[209],"vehicle,":[210],"fool":[214],"victim":[216],"AV's":[217],"model.":[221],"The":[222],"experimental":[223],"results":[224],"demonstrate":[225],"attacker":[228],"achieve":[230],"goal":[233],"only":[236],"two":[237],"conceal":[241],"them":[242],"as":[243],"car":[244],"signs,":[245],"good":[248],"stealthiness":[249],"flexibility.":[251],"best":[254],"our":[256],"knowledge,":[257],"first":[261],"study":[262],"passive-reflection-based":[265],"against":[267],"low-cost,":[275],"readily-available":[276],"concealable":[279],"geometric":[280],"shaped":[281],"objects.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}