{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375852302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576914.3588016","title":"The Technical Development of an Extended Reality Research Testbed for Public Safety","display_name":"The Technical Development of an Extended Reality Research Testbed for Public Safety","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375852302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576914.3588016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576914.3588016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576914.3588016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things Week 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016172477","display_name":"Scott Ledgerwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4297-6507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Ledgerwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4297-6507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028642814","display_name":"Jack Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2089-8746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2089-8746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092337027","display_name":"Jeffrey Karhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7818-0503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Karhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7818-0503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091686747","display_name":"Qi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-7250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042293047","display_name":"Matthew Whitlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Whitlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015935496","display_name":"Julia Chelen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3979-637X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Chelen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3979-637X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016172477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49348751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"292","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.809736967086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6347107291221619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.598175585269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.5405624508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-safety","display_name":"Laboratory safety","score":0.5192556381225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.4200293719768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.34658366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2802445888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13953769207000732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.809736967086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6347107291221619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.598175585269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.5405624508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781151872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19597645","display_name":"Laboratory safety","level":2,"score":0.5192556381225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.4200293719768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.34658366441726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2802445888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13953769207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576914.3588016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576914.3588016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things Week 2023","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1562368000","https://openalex.org/W1593163947","https://openalex.org/W2112615231","https://openalex.org/W2993958428","https://openalex.org/W3006892261","https://openalex.org/W3009436916","https://openalex.org/W3014216196","https://openalex.org/W3024562150","https://openalex.org/W3110940139","https://openalex.org/W3159856293","https://openalex.org/W3171919759","https://openalex.org/W4210651582","https://openalex.org/W4214649783","https://openalex.org/W4285202804","https://openalex.org/W4293510431","https://openalex.org/W6635425622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2320042380","https://openalex.org/W2106140982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"study":[1],"of":[2,25,62,94,98,134,149,159,167,197],"public":[3,42,117,129,205,215],"safety":[4,43,118,130,206,216],"technology,":[5],"interventions,":[6],"and":[7,11,17,35,58,73,100,139,169,172,181,213],"training":[8,75,127,209],"involves":[9],"variable":[10],"hazardous":[12],"conditions,":[13],"which":[14],"complicate":[15],"observation":[16],"measurement.":[18],"Informative":[19],"evaluation":[20],"approaches":[21,50],"require":[22],"reasonable":[23],"representation":[24],"these":[26,30,40],"conditions.":[27],"Nonetheless,":[28],"representing":[29],"conditions":[31],"is":[32],"resource":[33],"intensive":[34],"difficult":[36],"to":[37,145,201],"replicate.":[38],"For":[39],"reasons,":[41],"research":[44,115],"may":[45],"be":[46],"limited":[47],"by":[48,59],"low-fidelity":[49],"that":[51],"differ":[52],"from":[53,162],"the":[54,60,92,95,123,135,147,176,182,195],"intended":[55],"real-world":[56],"application":[57],"inaccessibility":[61],"more":[63],"realistic":[64,126],"training.":[65],"Extended":[66],"Reality":[67],"(XR)":[68],"environments":[69],"offer":[70],"highly":[71],"immersive":[72,198],"repeatable":[74],"for":[76,84,111,116,128,154,194,204,210],"first":[77],"responders,":[78],"as":[79,81],"well":[80],"controlled":[82],"methods":[83,144],"technical":[85,140],"research.":[86,218],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"discuss":[91,143],"development":[93,196],"National":[96],"Institute":[97],"Standards":[99],"Technology":[101],"(NIST)":[102],"Public":[103,184],"Safety":[104,185],"Immersive":[105],"Test":[106],"Center":[107],"(PSITC):":[108],"a":[109,152,192],"testbed":[110,153],"multi-sensory":[112],"extended":[113],"reality-based":[114],"scenarios.":[119],"We":[120,142],"describe":[121],"how":[122],"PSITC":[124],"supports":[125],"with":[131],"an":[132],"overview":[133],"center\u2019s":[136],"design,":[137],"development,":[138],"implementation.":[141],"address":[146],"challenges":[148],"building":[150],"such":[151],"XR-based":[155],"research,":[156],"including":[157],"integration":[158],"nascent":[160],"technologies":[161],"various":[163],"vendors,":[164],"extensive":[165],"use":[166],"sensor":[168],"imaging":[170],"technologies,":[171],"intergovernmental":[173],"cooperation":[174],"between":[175],"First":[177],"Responder":[178],"Network":[179],"Authority":[180],"NIST":[183],"Communications":[186],"Research":[187],"Division.":[188],"This":[189],"paper":[190],"introduces":[191],"model":[193],"centers":[199],"built":[200],"evaluate":[202],"prototypes":[203],"operations,":[207],"improve":[208],"emergency":[211],"response,":[212],"support":[214],"technology":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
