{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321442061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576050.3576062","title":"Each Encounter Counts: Modeling Language Learning and Forgetting","display_name":"Each Encounter Counts: Modeling Language Learning and Forgetting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321442061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576050.3576062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576050.3576062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576050.3576062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LAK23: 13th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059443278","display_name":"Boxuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-880X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boxuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenDNA Inc., Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-880X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenDNA Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079813742","display_name":"Gayan Prasad Hettiarachchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-483X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gayan Prasad Hettiarachchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenDNA Inc., Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-483X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenDNA Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028935279","display_name":"Sora Fukui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-9519"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sora Fukui","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenDNA Inc., Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-9519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenDNA Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062357140","display_name":"Yuji Ando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-3907"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Ando","raw_affiliation_strings":["OpenDNA Inc., Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-3907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OpenDNA Inc., Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79587346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"79","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.9521870613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.863025963306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7646424770355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5988451838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5945717096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5604448318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivated-forgetting","display_name":"Motivated forgetting","score":0.41679155826568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.23740547895431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15647712349891663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.9521870613098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.863025963306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7646424770355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5988451838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5945717096328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5604448318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95012187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917862","display_name":"Motivated forgetting","level":3,"score":0.41679155826568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.23740547895431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15647712349891663}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3576050.3576062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3576050.3576062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LAK23: 13th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W973843712","https://openalex.org/W1562092080","https://openalex.org/W1959691478","https://openalex.org/W2030007850","https://openalex.org/W2045987194","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2089365333","https://openalex.org/W2162929365","https://openalex.org/W2514897959","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W2788574423","https://openalex.org/W2805432432","https://openalex.org/W2913933519","https://openalex.org/W2953577593","https://openalex.org/W2955931418","https://openalex.org/W2966684417","https://openalex.org/W2980472839","https://openalex.org/W3021176691","https://openalex.org/W3025436085","https://openalex.org/W3039305791","https://openalex.org/W3043869244","https://openalex.org/W3082341085","https://openalex.org/W3102281445","https://openalex.org/W3117062170","https://openalex.org/W4391156274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2761908786","https://openalex.org/W2884711667","https://openalex.org/W112715201","https://openalex.org/W2382481160","https://openalex.org/W1987589798","https://openalex.org/W2966010139","https://openalex.org/W2014072324","https://openalex.org/W1234348156","https://openalex.org/W2126331328","https://openalex.org/W4206968465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Language":[0],"learning":[1,97,134],"applications":[2],"usually":[3],"estimate":[4],"the":[5,20,124,148,175,185,194,238],"learner\u2019s":[6,156,228],"language":[7,26,42,75,118,133],"knowledge":[8,27,108],"over":[9],"time":[10],"to":[11,61,79,165,191,221],"provide":[12],"personalized":[13],"practice":[14,157,229],"content":[15],"for":[16,146],"each":[17],"learner":[18],"at":[19],"optimal":[21],"timing.":[22],"However,":[23],"accurately":[24],"predicting":[25,106,147],"or":[28,37],"linguistic":[29,91,115],"skills":[30],"is":[31],"much":[32],"more":[33],"challenging":[34],"than":[35],"math":[36],"science":[38],"knowledge,":[39,76],"as":[40,218],"many":[41],"tasks":[43],"involve":[44],"memorization":[45],"and":[46,56,89,98,105,114,129,169,204,231],"retrieval.":[47],"Learners":[48],"must":[49],"memorize":[50],"a":[51,67,144,152,155,227],"large":[52],"number":[53],"of":[54,126,150,201],"words":[55,173,225],"meanings,":[57],"which":[58],"are":[59],"prone":[60],"be":[62],"forgotten":[63],"without":[64],"practice.":[65],"Although":[66],"few":[68],"studies":[69],"consider":[70,83],"forgetting":[71,112,127,202],"when":[72],"modeling":[73,104],"learners\u2019":[74,107],"they":[77],"tend":[78],"apply":[80],"traditional":[81],"models,":[82],"only":[84],"partial":[85],"information":[86,163,203],"about":[87],"forgetting,":[88,166],"ignore":[90],"features":[92,116],"that":[93,184,197,213],"may":[94],"significantly":[95],"influence":[96],"forgetting.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101],"focuses":[102],"on":[103,140,179,234],"by":[109],"considering":[110],"their":[111,232],"behavior":[113,128],"in":[117,131,226],"learning.":[119],"Specifically,":[120],"we":[121,142,211],"first":[122],"explore":[123],"existence":[125],"cross-effects":[130],"real-world":[132,181],"datasets":[135,182],"through":[136],"empirical":[137],"studies.":[138],"Based":[139],"these,":[141],"propose":[143],"model":[145,160,187,222],"probability":[149],"recalling":[151],"word":[153,219],"given":[154],"history.":[158],"The":[159],"incorporates":[161],"key":[162],"related":[164],"question":[167],"formats,":[168],"semantic":[170,215],"similarities":[171,223],"between":[172,224],"using":[174],"attention":[176],"mechanism.":[177],"Experiments":[178],"two":[180],"show":[183],"proposed":[186],"improves":[188,207,237],"performance":[189],"compared":[190],"baselines.":[192],"Moreover,":[193],"results":[195],"indicate":[196],"combining":[198],"multiple":[199],"types":[200],"item":[205],"format":[206],"performance.":[208],"In":[209],"addition,":[210],"find":[212],"incorporating":[214],"features,":[216],"such":[217],"embeddings,":[220],"history":[230],"effects":[233],"memory":[235],"also":[236],"model.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}