{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322577839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575882.3575942","title":"Accelerating Encrypted Watermarking using Wavelet Transform and CKKS Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Accelerating Encrypted Watermarking using Wavelet Transform and CKKS Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322577839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575882.3575942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575882.3575942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575882.3575942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and Its Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001043512","display_name":"Akbari Indra Basuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-3859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akbari Basuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-3859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058948455","display_name":"Iwan Setiawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-0982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iwan Setiawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-0982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073787629","display_name":"Didi Rosiyadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-3987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didi Rosiyadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-3987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015638131","display_name":"Taufik Iqbal Ramdhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-4884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taufik Iqbal Ramdhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-4884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019873371","display_name":"Heru Susanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heru Susanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-357X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001043512"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.102,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42719866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8162729740142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.7807230949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.6864648461341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583338379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.636340320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.537207841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5088756084442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.41627469658851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40390825271606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.38151228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3463331460952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3237053155899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.3224443197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24045103788375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22238761186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10551348328590393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8162729740142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.7807230949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.6864648461341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583338379859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.636340320110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.537207841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5088756084442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.41627469658851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40390825271606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.38151228427886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3463331460952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3237053155899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3224443197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24045103788375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22238761186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10551348328590393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575882.3575942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575882.3575942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and Its Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992785835","https://openalex.org/W2016618067","https://openalex.org/W2081605824","https://openalex.org/W2146791880","https://openalex.org/W2164030873","https://openalex.org/W2519249189","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2808861077","https://openalex.org/W3001831163","https://openalex.org/W3037705559","https://openalex.org/W3096543551","https://openalex.org/W3100864661","https://openalex.org/W3114450173","https://openalex.org/W4213342357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Encrypted":[0],"watermarking":[1,32,157],"enables":[2],"secret":[3],"watermark":[4,26,160],"embedding":[5,27],"on":[6,48],"a":[7,24,34,57,155],"public":[8],"platform":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"blockchain":[12,50],"for":[13],"better":[14],"transparency.":[15],"It":[16],"offers":[17],"data":[18,87],"and":[19,28,40,65,73,110,118,135,147,159],"computation":[20,38,42,105,109,134],"traceability":[21],"to":[22,70,88,93,129,142,162],"ensure":[23],"proveable":[25],"validation.":[29],"Nevertheless,":[30],"encrypted":[31,78,86,104],"has":[33,154],"setback":[35],"regarding":[36],"high":[37],"cost":[39],"long":[41],"time":[43],"that":[44,116],"hinder":[45],"its":[46],"implementation":[47],"most":[49,124],"platforms.":[51],"In":[52,149],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"joint":[58],"use":[59],"of":[60,77,85],"discrete":[61],"wavelet":[62],"transform":[63],"(DWT)":[64],"CKKS":[66,99,117],"(Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song)":[67],"homomorphic":[68],"encryption":[69,100],"speed":[71,101],"up":[72,102,128],"improve":[74],"the":[75,83,94,98,103,123,143,151],"efficiency":[76],"watermarking.":[79,164],"The":[80,113],"DWT":[81,95,119],"reduces":[82],"size":[84],"2L":[89],"where":[90],"L":[91],"refers":[92],"level.":[96],"Meanwhile,":[97],"using":[106],"approximate":[107],"arithmetic":[108],"predefined":[111],"precision.":[112],"result":[114],"shows":[115],"level":[120],"2":[121],"is":[122],"optimal":[125],"solution":[126],"delivering":[127],"\u2248":[130,136],"27.24":[131],"\u00d7":[132,138],"faster":[133],"5.48":[137],"lesser":[139],"memory":[140],"compared":[141],"existing":[144],"method":[145,153],"(BFV-encryption":[146],"DCT).":[148],"addition,":[150],"proposed":[152],"similar":[156],"quality":[158],"extractability":[161],"non-encrypted":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}