{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311605657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575803","title":"Building Dialogue Understanding Models for Low-resource Language Indonesian from Scratch","display_name":"Building Dialogue Understanding Models for Low-resource Language Indonesian from Scratch","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311605657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031208819","display_name":"Donglin Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2270-3378"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donglin Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance.AI, Robinson Road, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2270-3378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance.AI, Robinson Road, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089614090","display_name":"Xianyang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-8646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-8646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020193","display_name":"Weinan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weinan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Nan Gang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-178X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Nan Gang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333729","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-2268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-2268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103091527","display_name":"Fanglin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-5446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanglin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance.AI, Robinson Road, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance.AI, Robinson Road, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031208819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64150756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8162153959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5665331482887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5327745676040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.529437780380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4520452320575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4427797794342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4399837255477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.41663068532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4159192442893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.15815073251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08641922473907471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8162153959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5665331482887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5327745676040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.529437780380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4520452320575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4427797794342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4399837255477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.41663068532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4159192442893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.15815073251724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08641922473907471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7769175188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076081, 61772153, 61936010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593271688","https://openalex.org/W1969152782","https://openalex.org/W1979773093","https://openalex.org/W2223822490","https://openalex.org/W2250741688","https://openalex.org/W2251904602","https://openalex.org/W2398936787","https://openalex.org/W2422843715","https://openalex.org/W2556605533","https://openalex.org/W2567359325","https://openalex.org/W2741602058","https://openalex.org/W2763877810","https://openalex.org/W2800081275","https://openalex.org/W2889339709","https://openalex.org/W2891416139","https://openalex.org/W2898856000","https://openalex.org/W2915128308","https://openalex.org/W2952638691","https://openalex.org/W2962863107","https://openalex.org/W2964006684","https://openalex.org/W2964084097","https://openalex.org/W2964291542","https://openalex.org/W2971133142","https://openalex.org/W2971160427","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2997214274","https://openalex.org/W3001434439","https://openalex.org/W3014467241","https://openalex.org/W3155601106","https://openalex.org/W3202597539","https://openalex.org/W3207739086","https://openalex.org/W3212786531","https://openalex.org/W4281398986","https://openalex.org/W4288089799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W4282827391","https://openalex.org/W4405541655","https://openalex.org/W4386828785","https://openalex.org/W1569283511","https://openalex.org/W3165580226","https://openalex.org/W2169518243","https://openalex.org/W3135401135","https://openalex.org/W2886688859","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"off-the-shelf":[1],"resources":[2],"from":[3,64],"resource-rich":[4],"languages":[5,11],"to":[6,9,24,96,153],"transfer":[7,81],"knowledge":[8],"low-resource":[10,101],"has":[12],"received":[13],"a":[14,78,127,165],"lot":[15],"of":[16,20,32,54,86,100,157,205],"attention.":[17],"The":[18],"requirements":[19],"enabling":[21],"the":[22,26,30,37,46,52,73,98,109,118],"model":[23,131],"achieve":[25],"reliable":[27],"performance,":[28],"including":[29],"scale":[31],"required":[33],"annotated":[34,207],"data":[35,115,134],"and":[36,61,92,120,135,146,160,174,181,188,200],"effective":[38],"framework,":[39],"are":[40],"not":[41],"well":[42],"guided.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"first":[47],"question,":[48],"we":[49,76],"empirically":[50],"investigate":[51],"cost-effectiveness":[53],"several":[55],"methods":[56],"for":[57,176],"training":[58],"intent":[59,158,186],"classification":[60,159,187],"slot-filling":[62],"models":[63],"scratch":[65],"in":[66],"Indonesia":[67,168],"(ID)":[68],"using":[69,132],"English":[70],"data.":[71,104,209],"Confronting":[72],"second":[74],"challenge,":[75],"propose":[77],"Bi-Confidence-Frequency":[79],"Cross-Lingual":[80],"framework":[82,197],"(BiCF),":[83],"which":[84],"consists":[85],"\u201cBiCF":[87],"Mixing\u201d,":[88],"\u201cLatent":[89],"Space":[90,124],"Refinement\u201d":[91],"\u201cJoint":[93],"Decoder\u201d,":[94],"respectively,":[95],"overcome":[97],"lack":[99],"language":[102],"dialogue":[103,129,169],"BiCF":[105,178],"Mixing":[106],"based":[107,141],"on":[108,142,185,202],"word-level":[110],"alignment":[111],"strategy":[112],"generates":[113],"code-mixed":[114,133],"by":[116],"utilizing":[117],"importance-frequency":[119],"translating-confidence.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"Latent":[123],"Refinement":[125],"trains":[126],"new":[128],"understanding":[130],"word":[136],"embedding":[137],"models.":[138],"Joint":[139],"Decoder":[140],"Bidirectional":[143],"LSTM":[144],"(BiLSTM)":[145],"Conditional":[147],"Random":[148],"Field":[149],"(CRF)":[150],"is":[151],"used":[152],"obtain":[154],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"slot-filling.":[161],"We":[162],"also":[163],"release":[164],"large-scale":[166],"fine-labeled":[167],"dataset":[170],"(ID-WOZ":[171],"1":[172],")":[173],"ID-BERT":[175],"experiments.":[177],"achieves":[179],"93.56%":[180],"85.17%":[182],"(F1":[183],"score)":[184],"slot":[189],"filling,":[190],"respectively.":[191],"Extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"that":[195],"our":[196],"performs":[198],"reliably":[199],"cost-efficiently":[201],"different":[203],"scales":[204],"manually":[206],"Indonesian":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}