{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377838993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575757.3575760","title":"Multi-Model Specifications and their Application to Classification Systems","display_name":"Multi-Model Specifications and their Application to Classification Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377838993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3575757.3575760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575757.3575760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3575757.3575760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3575757.3575760","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3575757.3575760","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049937500","display_name":"Alan Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038442224","display_name":"Sanjoy Baruah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-3445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjoy Baruah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Washington Unviersity in Saint Louis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Washington Unviersity in Saint Louis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049937500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1954,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88165383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79659104347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7906384468078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6227351427078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5005335807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.46129310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4596237242221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.45162433385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.42860308289527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34968453645706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.349354088306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34093695878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3368445038795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18972641229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.14908400177955627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79659104347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7906384468078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6227351427078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5005335807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.46129310131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4596237242221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.45162433385849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.42860308289527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34968453645706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.349354088306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34093695878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3368445038795471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18972641229629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.14908400177955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575757.3575760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3575757.3575760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3575757.3575760","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:201271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-8816>","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/201271/1/RTNS2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3575757.3575760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3575757.3575760","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3575757.3575760","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 31st International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7848565558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P003664/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377838993.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377838993.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507321568","https://openalex.org/W2109488193","https://openalex.org/W2114640428","https://openalex.org/W2769328306","https://openalex.org/W2799818814","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W4205178436","https://openalex.org/W4280636403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W1590965489","https://openalex.org/W2554503563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"safety-critical":[1],"systems":[2,37,212],"are":[3,107,150,183,214],"required":[4],"to":[5,11,29,41,83,199],"have":[6],"their":[7],"correctness":[8],"validated":[9],"prior":[10],"deployment.":[12],"Such":[13],"validation":[14],"is":[15,27,197],"typically":[16],"performed":[17],"using":[18,216],"models":[19,118,136,149,164],"of":[20,66,91,104,108,134,163,211],"the":[21,25,64,85,116,135,154,179,207],"run-time":[22],"behaviour":[23,156,210],"that":[24,106,173,213],"system":[26,94],"expected":[28],"exhibit":[30],"and":[31,74,77,80,87,113,169,202],"experience":[32],"during":[33,129],"run-time.":[34],"However,":[35],"these":[36],"may":[38,49,157],"be":[39,50,143,200],"subject":[40],"different":[42,45,58],"requirements":[43],"under":[44],"circumstances;":[46],"also,":[47],"there":[48],"multiple":[51],"stakeholders":[52],"involved,":[53],"each":[54],"with":[55,165],"a":[56,67,161],"somewhat":[57],"perspective":[59],"on":[60,71],"correctness.":[61],"We":[62,100,191],"examine":[63],"use":[65],"multi-model":[68,122,140],"framework":[69,196],"based":[70],"assumptions":[72,168],"(Pre":[73],"Rely":[75],"conditions)":[76,82],"obligations":[78],"(Post":[79],"Guarantee":[81],"represent":[84],"workload":[86],"resource":[88],"related":[89],"needs":[90],"complex":[92],"AI":[93],"components":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"DNN":[98],"classifiers.":[99],"identify":[101],"three":[102],"kinds":[103],"multi-models":[105,147],"particular":[109],"interest:":[110],"Independent,":[111],"Integrated":[112],"Hierarchical.":[114],"All":[115],"individual":[117],"comprising":[119,137],"an":[120,138],"independent":[121],"must":[123,141],"remain":[124],"valid":[125,152],"at":[126,131],"all":[127,148],"times":[128],"run-time;":[130],"least":[132],"one":[133],"integrated":[139],"always":[142],"valid.":[144],"With":[145],"hierarchical":[146,189],"initially":[151],"but":[153],"component\u2019s":[155],"gracefully":[158],"degrade":[159],"through":[160],"series":[162],"successively":[166],"weaker":[167],"commitments":[170],"(we":[171],"show":[172],"Mixed-Criticality":[174],"Systems,":[175],"widely":[176],"studied":[177],"in":[178],"real-time":[180],"computing":[181],"community,":[182],"particularly":[184],"well-suited":[185],"for":[186,205],"representation":[187],"via":[188],"multi-models).":[190],"explain":[192],"how":[193],"this":[194],"modelling":[195],"intended":[198],"used,":[201],"present":[203],"algorithms":[204],"determining":[206],"worst-case":[208],"timing":[209],"specified":[215],"multi-models.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
