{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318616700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573896","title":"A Survey on Cross-chain Technologies","display_name":"A Survey on Cross-chain Technologies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318616700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480","2769-6472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414020","display_name":"Panpan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panpan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-8614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078219471","display_name":"Zheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078796365","display_name":"Wenxiu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8531-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8531-9226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064693569","display_name":"Shufan Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shufan Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-6832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043935709","display_name":"Zhiguo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Laboratory, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.1573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99688682,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9126999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7471375465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7193564176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6830873489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4808364808559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4721237123012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4716607332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.45981651544570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39645466208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18799272179603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15999141335487366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7471375465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7193564176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6830873489379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4808364808559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4721237123012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4716607332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.45981651544570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39645466208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18799272179603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15999141335487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387283489","display_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies Research and Practice","issn_l":"2769-6480","issn":["2769-6480","2769-6472"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3896720349","display_name":"\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u4fe1\u4efb\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673329116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1819513546","https://openalex.org/W1995488889","https://openalex.org/W2005725110","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2579433393","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2808504588","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2948043589","https://openalex.org/W2952173023","https://openalex.org/W2962718239","https://openalex.org/W2963997141","https://openalex.org/W2969044608","https://openalex.org/W2974125212","https://openalex.org/W2981495462","https://openalex.org/W2981644155","https://openalex.org/W2982365671","https://openalex.org/W2982556946","https://openalex.org/W2983134892","https://openalex.org/W2984747683","https://openalex.org/W3000226457","https://openalex.org/W3029616339","https://openalex.org/W3034459010","https://openalex.org/W3035883408","https://openalex.org/W3038040561","https://openalex.org/W3043137922","https://openalex.org/W3046241922","https://openalex.org/W3094114357","https://openalex.org/W3095983164","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3110056839","https://openalex.org/W3111545221","https://openalex.org/W3127476229","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3155347870","https://openalex.org/W3164916938","https://openalex.org/W3177820985","https://openalex.org/W3184158691","https://openalex.org/W3185135571","https://openalex.org/W3201997256","https://openalex.org/W3202887189","https://openalex.org/W3210934011","https://openalex.org/W3216602758","https://openalex.org/W4205325156","https://openalex.org/W4206959351","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4229618430","https://openalex.org/W4232814231","https://openalex.org/W4233541263","https://openalex.org/W4237940249","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6686086662","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6780062988","https://openalex.org/W6796549068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W2580443824","https://openalex.org/W2509743786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"has":[1],"attracted":[2],"more":[3,5],"and":[4,10,43,75,117,143,160,165,198,213,225,235],"attention":[6],"of":[7,47,92,119,138,156,172,196,232],"academia,":[8],"industry,":[9],"government":[11],"in":[12,55],"recent":[13],"decades.":[14],"Different":[15],"usage":[16],"demands":[17],"have":[18,35],"inspired":[19],"various":[20],"blockchain":[21,25,150],"designs,":[22],"forming":[23],"different":[24,40],"systems,":[26],"which":[27,58],"leads":[28],"to":[29,38,72,79,87,189,238],"information":[30],"islands.":[31],"Many":[32],"cross-chain":[33,51,82,100,120,131,186,199,244],"technologies":[34,101,132,187],"been":[36],"proposed":[37,218],"link":[39],"blockchains":[41],"together":[42],"expand":[44],"the":[45,50,69,106,154,182],"utility":[46],"blockchain.":[48],"Nevertheless,":[49],"technology":[52],"is":[53,85],"still":[54,108],"its":[56,64,89,211],"infancy,":[57],"faces":[59],"many":[60],"problems":[61,161],"that":[62],"retard":[63],"wide":[65],"application,":[66],"for":[67,153],"example,":[68],"issues":[70,234],"related":[71],"security,":[73,115,141,163],"privacy,":[74,116,142,164],"effectiveness.":[76,166],"In":[77,122,201],"order":[78],"further":[80],"investigate":[81],"technologies,":[83],"it":[84],"essential":[86],"understand":[88],"current":[90],"state":[91],"arts.":[93],"Although":[94],"there":[95],"are":[96],"some":[97],"surveys":[98],"about":[99],"driven":[102],"by":[103,215],"specific":[104],"demands,":[105],"literature":[107],"lacks":[109],"a":[110,127,135,149,170,190,207,230],"comprehensive":[111,136],"survey":[112],"focusing":[113],"on":[114,129,134,140,185,193,210,222,243],"effectiveness":[118],"technologies.":[121,245],"this":[123],"paper,":[124],"we":[125,179,205,227],"provide":[126,206],"review":[128,181,224],"existing":[130],"based":[133,192,221],"set":[137,171],"criteria":[139,173],"other":[144],"performance.":[145],"We":[146,167],"first":[147],"propose":[148],"interoperability":[151],"architecture":[152],"purpose":[155],"analyzing":[157],"potential":[158],"threats":[159],"regarding":[162,174],"then":[168],"summarize":[169],"these":[175],"quality":[176],"attributes.":[177],"Next,":[178],"comprehensively":[180],"representative":[183],"works":[184],"according":[188],"taxonomy":[191],"applied":[194],"types":[195],"techniques":[197],"purposes.":[200],"each":[202],"work":[203],"review,":[204],"serious":[208],"discussion":[209],"pros":[212],"cons":[214],"employing":[216],"our":[217,223],"criteria.":[219],"Finally,":[220],"analysis,":[226],"figure":[228],"out":[229],"number":[231],"open":[233],"step":[236],"ahead":[237],"direct":[239],"future":[240],"research":[241],"directions":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}