{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311620308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573205","title":"Competency Models for Information Security and Cybersecurity Professionals: Analysis of Existing Work and a New Model","display_name":"Competency Models for Information Security and Cybersecurity Professionals: Analysis of Existing Work and a New Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311620308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573205","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3573205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3573205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035745618","display_name":"Daniel Bendler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Bendler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055476405","display_name":"Michael Felderer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Felderer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Innsbruck and Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Innsbruck and Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035745618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9069,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95540491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13844","display_name":"Higher Education Learning Practices","score":0.9240000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6403578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.5693647265434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5374494194984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.5303740501403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.48375630378723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3290387690067291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1564401388168335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6403578519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5693647265434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5374494194984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.5303740501403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48375630378723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3290387690067291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1564401388168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573205","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3573205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:bth-25261","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-25261","pdf_url":"https://bth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1786480/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573205","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3573205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G354200235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-1-LI01-KA203-000130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4974321089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KA203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","funder_display_name":"Erasmus+"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5191225244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KA203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311620308.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311620308.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6551614","https://openalex.org/W10367195","https://openalex.org/W51346118","https://openalex.org/W101424076","https://openalex.org/W566681643","https://openalex.org/W608574129","https://openalex.org/W1463485212","https://openalex.org/W1514185603","https://openalex.org/W1543238182","https://openalex.org/W1547898676","https://openalex.org/W1592670217","https://openalex.org/W1624404055","https://openalex.org/W1743187275","https://openalex.org/W1938519518","https://openalex.org/W1992517446","https://openalex.org/W1994925048","https://openalex.org/W1996106493","https://openalex.org/W2002356434","https://openalex.org/W2018424380","https://openalex.org/W2020864035","https://openalex.org/W2031732768","https://openalex.org/W2057568301","https://openalex.org/W2063722484","https://openalex.org/W2078931815","https://openalex.org/W2093504720","https://openalex.org/W2101751396","https://openalex.org/W2112276166","https://openalex.org/W2112612924","https://openalex.org/W2124975206","https://openalex.org/W2129959732","https://openalex.org/W2131566901","https://openalex.org/W2135298789","https://openalex.org/W2141965919","https://openalex.org/W2142587323","https://openalex.org/W2159399759","https://openalex.org/W2160109936","https://openalex.org/W2169275494","https://openalex.org/W2170649584","https://openalex.org/W2182961096","https://openalex.org/W2204102791","https://openalex.org/W2226457433","https://openalex.org/W2276797782","https://openalex.org/W2345039647","https://openalex.org/W2480745678","https://openalex.org/W2497808668","https://openalex.org/W2507372331","https://openalex.org/W2518900009","https://openalex.org/W2621214469","https://openalex.org/W2725958610","https://openalex.org/W2735864825","https://openalex.org/W2738011505","https://openalex.org/W2750168540","https://openalex.org/W2753433691","https://openalex.org/W2772108278","https://openalex.org/W2790750960","https://openalex.org/W2793402936","https://openalex.org/W2799938802","https://openalex.org/W2800771502","https://openalex.org/W2807254219","https://openalex.org/W2886077282","https://openalex.org/W2902525280","https://openalex.org/W2912639778","https://openalex.org/W2943154954","https://openalex.org/W2944515008","https://openalex.org/W2947603111","https://openalex.org/W2998079857","https://openalex.org/W3022642179","https://openalex.org/W3092984482","https://openalex.org/W3100256231","https://openalex.org/W3166608317","https://openalex.org/W3204819333","https://openalex.org/W4233250638","https://openalex.org/W4241545396","https://openalex.org/W4243443706","https://openalex.org/W4244874139","https://openalex.org/W4247988028","https://openalex.org/W4288083638","https://openalex.org/W4390119134","https://openalex.org/W4390490586","https://openalex.org/W6949726086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501776718","https://openalex.org/W2615136228","https://openalex.org/W657108774","https://openalex.org/W2390192952","https://openalex.org/W2480620430","https://openalex.org/W2373296418","https://openalex.org/W1515761309","https://openalex.org/W4301400761","https://openalex.org/W3213254966","https://openalex.org/W4210648132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Competency":[0],"models":[1,21,46,79,100,117,123,152],"are":[2,7,30,216],"widely":[3],"adopted":[4],"frameworks":[5],"that":[6,77],"used":[8],"to":[9,23,48,91,95,104,161],"improve":[10],"human":[11],"resource":[12],"functions":[13],"and":[14,27,148,188,196,209],"education.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,24,41,49,59,70,78,106,111,116,122,129,133,154,165,170,179,193,197,202,205,213],"characteristics":[18],"of":[19,44,72,128,136,157,167,178,204,212],"competency":[20,45,60,65,99,155,172,206],"related":[22,47],"information":[25],"security":[26,50,159,183],"cybersecurity":[28],"domains":[29],"not":[31,125],"well":[32],"understood.":[33],"To":[34,200],"bridge":[35],"this":[36,38],"gap,":[37],"study":[39],"investigates":[40],"current":[42],"state":[43],"domain":[51],"through":[52],"qualitative":[53],"content":[54,71],"analysis.":[55],"Additionally,":[56],"based":[57],"on":[58],"model":[61,66,140,173,207,215],"analysis,":[62],"an":[63],"evidence-based":[64],"is":[67,113,141],"proposed.":[68],"Examining":[69],"27":[73],"models,":[74],"we":[75],"found":[76],"can":[80,101,189],"benefit":[81,191],"target":[82],"groups":[83],"in":[84],"many":[85,97,151],"different":[86],"ways,":[87],"ranging":[88],"from":[89,109],"policymaking":[90],"performance":[92],"management.":[93],"Owing":[94],"their":[96,119],"uses,":[98],"arguably":[102],"help":[103],"narrow":[105],"skills":[107],"gap":[108],"which":[110],"profession":[112],"suffering.":[114],"Nonetheless,":[115],"have":[118],"shortcomings.":[120],"First,":[121],"do":[124],"cover":[126],"all":[127],"topics":[130],"specified":[131],"by":[132,144,182],"Cybersecurity":[134],"Body":[135],"Knowledge":[137],"(i.e.,":[138],"no":[139],"complete).":[142],"Second,":[143],"omitting":[145],"social,":[146],"personal,":[147],"methodological":[149],"competencies,":[150],"reduce":[153],"profile":[156],"a":[158,175],"expert":[160],"professional":[162],"competencies.":[163],"Addressing":[164],"limitations":[166],"previous":[168],"work,":[169],"proposed":[171,214],"provides":[174],"holistic":[176],"view":[177],"competencies":[180],"required":[181],"professionals":[184],"for":[185],"job":[186],"achievement":[187],"potentially":[190],"both":[192],"education":[194],"system":[195],"labor":[198],"market.":[199],"conclude,":[201],"implications":[203],"analysis":[208],"use":[210],"cases":[211],"discussed.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}