{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384659415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573051.3593395","title":"Benefit of Gamification for Persistent Learners: Propensity to Replay Problems Moderates Algebra-Game Effectiveness","display_name":"Benefit of Gamification for Persistent Learners: Propensity to Replay Problems Moderates Algebra-Game Effectiveness","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384659415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573051.3593395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573051.3593395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573051.3593395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090326226","display_name":"Kirk Vanacore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-5721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirk Vanacore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076445116","display_name":"Adam Sales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0416-0610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Sales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023044068","display_name":"Allison S. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-2575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087385752","display_name":"Erin Ottmar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin Ottmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090326226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9321186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"164","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6765094995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6639145612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"Moderation","score":0.6168788075447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4876769781112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.4494922161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42966213822364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4170342683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2911013066768646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10338324308395386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6765094995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6639145612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.6168788075447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4876769781112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.4494922161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42966213822364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4170342683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2911013066768646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10338324308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3573051.3593395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3573051.3593395","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7855109807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R305A180401, R305D210036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","funder_display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04et59085"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133284495","https://openalex.org/W1589525026","https://openalex.org/W1863993436","https://openalex.org/W1982026473","https://openalex.org/W1995240314","https://openalex.org/W1995864528","https://openalex.org/W2010716244","https://openalex.org/W2045354572","https://openalex.org/W2064186732","https://openalex.org/W2066369046","https://openalex.org/W2106276842","https://openalex.org/W2111040543","https://openalex.org/W2115486496","https://openalex.org/W2125040617","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2144512268","https://openalex.org/W2162764535","https://openalex.org/W2180852743","https://openalex.org/W2252647298","https://openalex.org/W2337001906","https://openalex.org/W2476415006","https://openalex.org/W2577188767","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2611963027","https://openalex.org/W2761190222","https://openalex.org/W2769165472","https://openalex.org/W2885231241","https://openalex.org/W2886836347","https://openalex.org/W2911598198","https://openalex.org/W2914674821","https://openalex.org/W2962885909","https://openalex.org/W3010389440","https://openalex.org/W3042860537","https://openalex.org/W3080965113","https://openalex.org/W3082004868","https://openalex.org/W3093392332","https://openalex.org/W3132553654","https://openalex.org/W3167842206","https://openalex.org/W3174383624","https://openalex.org/W3191036075","https://openalex.org/W4287385179","https://openalex.org/W4292952947","https://openalex.org/W4362554297","https://openalex.org/W4380550850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740268725","https://openalex.org/W3093710306","https://openalex.org/W750217911","https://openalex.org/W4206949499","https://openalex.org/W2296969234","https://openalex.org/W4226254121","https://openalex.org/W4388229525","https://openalex.org/W131533274","https://openalex.org/W4313163826","https://openalex.org/W1517021018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer-assisted":[0],"learning":[1,27],"platforms":[2],"(CALPS)":[3],"increasingly":[4],"include":[5],"gamified":[6,22,74,90,110],"elements":[7,168],"to":[8,114,120,135,160,174],"improve":[9,193],"student":[10],"outcomes":[11],"by":[12],"enhancing":[13],"their":[14,140],"engagement":[15,25,42],"with":[16,96,156,172],"content.":[17],"Although":[18],"evidence":[19,184],"exists":[20],"that":[21,147,166,169,191],"programs":[23],"increase":[24],"and":[26,43,75,123,182],"outcomes,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,152],"little":[31],"causal":[32,57],"research":[33],"on":[34,80,92,127],"what":[35],"programmatic":[36],"mechanisms":[37],"drive":[38],"the":[39,46,85,89,128,137,148,179],"effect":[40,149],"between":[41],"learning.":[44,195],"In":[45],"following":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,83],"explore":[50],"this":[51],"relationship":[52],"through":[53],"a":[54,68,103,106,157,186],"method":[55],"of":[56,87,98,130,150,189],"moderation":[58],"known":[59],"as":[60],"fully":[61],"latent":[62],"principal":[63],"stratification.":[64],"Using":[65],"data":[66],"from":[67,118],"large-scale":[69],"randomized":[70],"control":[71],"trial":[72],"assessing":[73],"traditional":[76],"CALP":[77,91,111],"systems'":[78],"effects":[79],"algebraic":[81,116],"knowledge,":[82],"estimate":[84],"impact":[86],"using":[88],"students":[93,113,134,155,171],"who":[94],"engage":[95],"one":[97],"its":[99],"key":[100],"gamification":[101,151,167,190],"elements---replaying":[102],"problem":[104],"after":[105],"suboptimal":[107],"attempt.":[108],"The":[109],"asks":[112],"manipulate":[115],"expressions":[117],"start":[119],"goal":[121],"states":[122],"provides":[124],"feedback":[125],"based":[126],"efficiency":[129,141],"these":[131],"manipulations,":[132],"allowing":[133],"replay":[136,161],"problems":[138,176],"when":[139],"can":[142,192],"be":[143],"improved.":[144],"We":[145],"find":[146],"greater":[153],"for":[154,185],"higher":[158],"propensity":[159],"problems.":[162],"This":[163],"finding":[164],"suggests":[165],"provide":[170,183],"opportunities":[173],"retry":[175],"are":[177],"driving":[178],"game's":[180],"efficacy":[181],"scalable":[187],"mechanism":[188],"students'":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
