{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309765030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3572780","title":"STAD-GAN: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection on Multivariate Time Series with Self-training Generative Adversarial Networks","display_name":"STAD-GAN: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection on Multivariate Time Series with Self-training Generative Adversarial Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309765030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3572780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3572780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3572780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332491","display_name":"Zhijie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-5681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-5681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004218295","display_name":"Wenzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-3655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087188919","display_name":"Wangxiang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-4946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangxiang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-4946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049890392","display_name":"Linming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-6167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062643029","display_name":"Qingning Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-1001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingning Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-1001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4962-643X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514218","display_name":"Tong Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-0780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043533769","display_name":"Sanglu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanglu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-4519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96641422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.9587728977203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587292194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6921425461769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6194957494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5495681166648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4678780734539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4292781949043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41362541913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4066074788570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.13681015372276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.9587728977203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587292194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6921425461769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6194957494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5495681166648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4678780734539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4292781949043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41362541913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4066074788570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.13681015372276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3572780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3572780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5889822271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972196, 61832008, 61832005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543388142","https://openalex.org/W2026493302","https://openalex.org/W2090272684","https://openalex.org/W2167225252","https://openalex.org/W2405756170","https://openalex.org/W2523714292","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2605287558","https://openalex.org/W2620661538","https://openalex.org/W2743617586","https://openalex.org/W2786088545","https://openalex.org/W2803446235","https://openalex.org/W2900906990","https://openalex.org/W2902455138","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2950361482","https://openalex.org/W2962736999","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963166639","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2985963903","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3081497074","https://openalex.org/W3098957257","https://openalex.org/W3106543020","https://openalex.org/W3208067003","https://openalex.org/W3213366174","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4284973033","https://openalex.org/W4300815717","https://openalex.org/W4300908857","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6697265569","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6742084790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293202849","https://openalex.org/W1980965563","https://openalex.org/W1489300767","https://openalex.org/W3040099731","https://openalex.org/W2896600774","https://openalex.org/W4289406342","https://openalex.org/W2596763562","https://openalex.org/W2964218010","https://openalex.org/W2808862658","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0,66],"detection":[1,42],"on":[2,51,169],"multivariate":[3],"time":[4],"series":[5],"(MTS)":[6],"is":[7,102,113,129,177],"an":[8],"important":[9],"research":[10],"topic":[11],"in":[12,22],"data":[13,54,108,122],"mining,":[14],"which":[15],"has":[16],"a":[17,62,86,93,132,137,146,151],"wide":[18],"range":[19],"of":[20,85,120,158],"applications":[21],"information":[23],"technology,":[24],"financial":[25],"management,":[26],"manufacturing":[27],"system,":[28],"and":[29,47,92,110,181],"so":[30,154],"on.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[33,52,78,106,111,117,156,159,188],"state-of-the-art":[34],"unsupervised":[35],"deep":[36],"learning":[37,91],"models":[38],"for":[39,89,97,123],"MTS":[40,172],"anomaly":[41,98,160],"are":[43],"vulnerable":[44],"to":[45,76,104,115,144,179,187],"noise":[46,180],"have":[48],"poor":[49],"performance":[50,157,184],"training":[53],"containing":[55],"anomalies.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"article,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"novel":[63],"Self-Training":[64],"based":[65,168],"Detection":[67],"with":[68,131,150],"Generative":[69],"Adversarial":[70],"Network":[71],"(GAN)":[72],"model":[73,83,128,139,148],"called":[74],"STAD-GAN":[75,82,176],"address":[77],"practical":[79],"challenge.":[80],"The":[81,100,126],"consists":[84],"generator-discriminator":[87],"structure":[88],"adversarial":[90],"neural":[94],"network":[95],"classifier":[96,161],"classification.":[99],"generator":[101],"learned":[103,114],"capture":[105],"normal":[107],"distribution,":[109],"discriminator":[112],"amplify":[116],"reconstruction":[118],"error":[119],"abnormal":[121],"better":[124],"recognition.":[125],"proposed":[127],"optimized":[130],"self-training":[133],"teacher-student":[134],"framework,":[135],"where":[136],"teacher":[138],"generates":[140],"reliable":[141],"high-quality":[142],"pseudo-labels":[143],"train":[145],"student":[147],"iteratively":[149],"refined":[152],"dataset":[153],"that":[155,175],"can":[162],"be":[163],"gradually":[164],"improved.":[165],"Extensive":[166],"experiments":[167],"six":[170],"open":[171],"datasets":[173],"show":[174],"robust":[178],"achieves":[182],"significant":[183],"improvement":[185],"compared":[186],"state-of-the-art.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
