{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309857254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571847","title":"Securing the Ethereum from Smart Ponzi Schemes: Identification Using Static Features","display_name":"Securing the Ethereum from Smart Ponzi Schemes: Identification Using Static Features","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309857254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571847","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571847","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000582109","display_name":"Zibin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zibin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047833763","display_name":"Weili Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weili Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3455-1241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049085639","display_name":"Zhijie Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-0641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-0641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101483479","display_name":"Zhiguang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-5715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101633465","display_name":"Yutong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-3375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-3375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000582109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98406341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.9274627566337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.869584321975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5907446146011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5595890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5353876352310181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.485187828540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opcode","display_name":"Opcode","score":0.4817464351654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45766547322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43218135833740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4006117284297943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33549201488494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33174630999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3242088556289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.23689821362495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15681424736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.10584256052970886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.9274627566337585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.869584321975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5907446146011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5595890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5353876352310181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.485187828540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52173422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766483","display_name":"Opcode","level":2,"score":0.4817464351654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45766547322273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43218135833740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4006117284297943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33549201488494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33174630999565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3242088556289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.23689821362495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15681424736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.10584256052970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571847","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571847","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1378608539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2566658430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3130289383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1006002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5522845816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515011939","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309857254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309857254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2078393527","https://openalex.org/W2396892949","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2617428178","https://openalex.org/W2801786826","https://openalex.org/W2805052744","https://openalex.org/W2807501282","https://openalex.org/W2883730939","https://openalex.org/W2886759516","https://openalex.org/W2891724828","https://openalex.org/W2898569715","https://openalex.org/W2900275727","https://openalex.org/W2907500576","https://openalex.org/W2912514591","https://openalex.org/W2921674422","https://openalex.org/W2955394441","https://openalex.org/W2955447707","https://openalex.org/W2959221393","https://openalex.org/W2968035976","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2979367728","https://openalex.org/W2990806707","https://openalex.org/W2998736188","https://openalex.org/W3004205122","https://openalex.org/W3009278394","https://openalex.org/W3011992028","https://openalex.org/W3016369654","https://openalex.org/W3034136313","https://openalex.org/W3082324443","https://openalex.org/W3091512861","https://openalex.org/W3095431539","https://openalex.org/W3097730806","https://openalex.org/W3119253238","https://openalex.org/W3136154164","https://openalex.org/W3138166792","https://openalex.org/W3177457598","https://openalex.org/W3178166777","https://openalex.org/W3215288840","https://openalex.org/W4229815470","https://openalex.org/W4231101807","https://openalex.org/W4237121782","https://openalex.org/W4288057718","https://openalex.org/W6610017368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386952226","https://openalex.org/W36091977","https://openalex.org/W2800331776","https://openalex.org/W4382794599","https://openalex.org/W2903602818","https://openalex.org/W3011166791","https://openalex.org/W2003791967","https://openalex.org/W4294976063","https://openalex.org/W4387382577","https://openalex.org/W3016048014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0],"detection":[1],"approaches":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4,84],"extensively":[5],"studied":[6],"for":[7],"traditional":[8],"software":[9,26],"systems.":[10],"However,":[11],"the":[12,19,39,53,95,98,101,105,138,173,180,189],"development":[13,54],"of":[14,21,25,30,35,55,71,75,121,137,175],"blockchain":[15,56],"technology":[16],"has":[17,47,83],"promoted":[18],"birth":[20],"a":[22,33,63,68,114,118],"new":[23],"type":[24,34],"system\u2013decentralized":[27],"applications.":[28],"Composed":[29],"smart":[31,44,59,185],"contracts,":[32],"application":[36],"that":[37,164],"implements":[38],"Ponzi":[40,45,77,186],"scheme":[41,187],"logic":[42],"(called":[43],"schemes)":[46],"caused":[48],"irreversible":[49],"loss":[50,82],"and":[51,104,129,170],"hindered":[52],"technology.":[57],"These":[58,133],"contracts":[60],"generally":[61],"had":[62],"short":[64],"life":[65],"but":[66],"involved":[67],"large":[69,119],"amount":[70],"money.":[72],"Whereas":[73],"identification":[74,150],"these":[76],"schemes":[78],"before":[79],"causing":[80],"financial":[81],"significantly":[85],"important,":[86],"existing":[87],"methods":[88,146],"suffer":[89],"from":[90,123],"three":[91],"main":[92],"deficiencies,":[93],"i.e.,":[94,152],"insufficient":[96],"dataset,":[97],"reliance":[99],"on":[100],"transaction":[102,139],"records,":[103],"low":[106],"accuracy.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"study,":[110],"we":[111,142],"first":[112],"build":[113,148],"larger":[115],"dataset.":[116,177],"Then,":[117],"number":[120],"features":[122,134],"multiple":[124],"views,":[125],"including":[126],"bytecode,":[127],"semantic,":[128],"developers,":[130],"are":[131,135],"extracted.":[132],"independent":[136],"records.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"leveraged":[143],"machine":[144],"learning":[145],"to":[147],"our":[149,176],"model,":[151],"Mul":[153],"ti-view":[154],"Cas":[155],"cade":[156],"Ensemble":[157],"model":[158],"(MulCas).":[159],"The":[160],"experiment":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"MulCas":[165],"can":[166,183],"achieve":[167],"higher":[168],"performance":[169],"robustness":[171],"in":[172],"scope":[174],"Most":[178],"importantly,":[179],"proposed":[181],"method":[182],"identify":[184],"at":[188],"creation":[190],"time.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}