{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199212845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571726","title":"What Are the Attackers Doing Now? Automating Cyberthreat Intelligence Extraction from Text on Pace with the Changing Threat Landscape: A Survey","display_name":"What Are the Attackers Doing Now? Automating Cyberthreat Intelligence Extraction from Text on Pace with the Changing Threat Landscape: A Survey","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199212845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571726","mag":"3199212845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.06808","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684353","display_name":"Md Rayhanur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-7350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Rayhanur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-7350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058035681","display_name":"Rezvan Mahdavi-Hezaveh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-4361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rezvan Mahdavi Hezaveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-4361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028171895","display_name":"Laurie Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-6540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurie Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-6540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101684353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.2704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99113858,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"12","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.831597089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.6537812948226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5121895670890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prioritization","display_name":"Prioritization","score":0.4862869679927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.48264914751052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.47893983125686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-extraction","display_name":"Data extraction","score":0.476453572511673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.10777539014816284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.831597089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.6537812948226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5121895670890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.4862869679927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48264914751052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47893983125686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287","display_name":"Data extraction","level":3,"score":0.476453572511673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.10777539014816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.06808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06808","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.06808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.06808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06808","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.06808","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189514790","https://openalex.org/W218702423","https://openalex.org/W1109422923","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1842503650","https://openalex.org/W1966976587","https://openalex.org/W1976339648","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2012833704","https://openalex.org/W2049691306","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2132983642","https://openalex.org/W2133139024","https://openalex.org/W2133933998","https://openalex.org/W2144203832","https://openalex.org/W2158427745","https://openalex.org/W2158997610","https://openalex.org/W2160197181","https://openalex.org/W2289443514","https://openalex.org/W2477560686","https://openalex.org/W2487152776","https://openalex.org/W2538865281","https://openalex.org/W2592042192","https://openalex.org/W2593589299","https://openalex.org/W2612872092","https://openalex.org/W2760313715","https://openalex.org/W2782101021","https://openalex.org/W2783245716","https://openalex.org/W2784152338","https://openalex.org/W2809689731","https://openalex.org/W2837911466","https://openalex.org/W2899922619","https://openalex.org/W2911005136","https://openalex.org/W2914662937","https://openalex.org/W2921968294","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2963980822","https://openalex.org/W2964522977","https://openalex.org/W2971727546","https://openalex.org/W2974159469","https://openalex.org/W2988249987","https://openalex.org/W2989543999","https://openalex.org/W2994903953","https://openalex.org/W2997634552","https://openalex.org/W3003743921","https://openalex.org/W3007432608","https://openalex.org/W3013924132","https://openalex.org/W3022088706","https://openalex.org/W3038151835","https://openalex.org/W3082433973","https://openalex.org/W3086302916","https://openalex.org/W3087352798","https://openalex.org/W3099149841","https://openalex.org/W3109078334","https://openalex.org/W3127483686","https://openalex.org/W3128484717","https://openalex.org/W3129220449","https://openalex.org/W3141363959","https://openalex.org/W3162913697","https://openalex.org/W3164269180","https://openalex.org/W3200739701","https://openalex.org/W3207194657","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W3214485518","https://openalex.org/W4200253121","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294214983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2506292322","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2378405797","https://openalex.org/W2913869602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cybersecurity":[0],"researchers":[1,35],"have":[2],"contributed":[3],"to":[4,32,106,122],"the":[5,38,55,76,94,101],"automated":[6],"extraction":[7,45,63,104],"of":[8,28,51,62,68,93],"CTI":[9,72,103],"from":[10,46,125],"textual":[11,69],"sources,":[12],"such":[13,113],"as":[14,114],"threat":[15,116],"reports":[16],"and":[17,24,65,84,90,118],"online":[18],"articles":[19],"describing":[20],"cyberattack":[21],"strategies,":[22],"procedures,":[23],"tools.":[25],"The":[26],"goal":[27],"this":[29],"article":[30],"is":[31],"aid":[33],"cybersecurity":[34,108,127],"in":[36,54,115],"understanding":[37],"current":[39,102],"techniques":[40],"used":[41],"for":[42,71,87,98],"cyberthreat":[43],"intelligence":[44],"text":[47],"through":[48],"a":[49],"survey":[50],"relevant":[52],"studies":[53],"literature.":[56],"Our":[57],"work":[58,105],"finds":[59],"11":[60],"types":[61,67],"purposes":[64],"7":[66],"sources":[70],"extraction.":[73],"We":[74,96],"observe":[75],"technical":[77],"challenges":[78],"associated":[79],"with":[80,110],"obtaining":[81],"available":[82],"clean":[83],"labeled":[85],"data":[86],"replication,":[88],"validation,":[89],"further":[91],"extension":[92],"studies.":[95],"advocate":[97],"building":[99],"upon":[100],"help":[107],"practitioners":[109],"proactive":[111],"decision-making":[112],"prioritization":[117],"mitigation":[119],"strategy":[120],"formulation":[121],"utilize":[123],"knowledge":[124],"past":[126],"incidents.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}
