{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376479329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571600.3571652","title":"Dense or Sparse: Crowd Counting with Binary Supervision","display_name":"Dense or Sparse: Crowd Counting with Binary Supervision","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376479329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571600.3571652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571600.3571652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571600.3571652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005887641","display_name":"Deepak Babu Sam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0614-4561"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Babu Sam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, IN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101421960","display_name":"Jimmy Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, IN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046946848","display_name":"Abhinav Agarwalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-5061"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinav Agarwalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, IN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062096014","display_name":"Venkatesh Babu Radhakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-1804"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Babu Radhakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, IN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005887641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17078216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094538450241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.7966387271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6405411958694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5770087242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5560921430587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5491542816162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5295266509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5226240754127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49000802636146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.41570383310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41008153557777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3305566608905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.15591731667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09515690803527832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094538450241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.7966387271881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6405411958694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5770087242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5560921430587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5491542816162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5295266509056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5226240754127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49000802636146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.41570383310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41008153557777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3305566608905792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.15591731667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09515690803527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571600.3571652","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571600.3571652","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072232009","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2463631526","https://openalex.org/W2787979513","https://openalex.org/W2798489385","https://openalex.org/W2798490576","https://openalex.org/W2884960332","https://openalex.org/W2886443245","https://openalex.org/W2913939497","https://openalex.org/W2914913933","https://openalex.org/W2948513880","https://openalex.org/W2949333977","https://openalex.org/W2961566087","https://openalex.org/W2962720716","https://openalex.org/W2963035940","https://openalex.org/W2963693541","https://openalex.org/W2963838390","https://openalex.org/W2963893037","https://openalex.org/W2964203052","https://openalex.org/W2964209782","https://openalex.org/W2966271765","https://openalex.org/W2967069910","https://openalex.org/W2969620138","https://openalex.org/W2981436300","https://openalex.org/W2981918755","https://openalex.org/W2982014038","https://openalex.org/W2985314571","https://openalex.org/W2987988567","https://openalex.org/W2991203386","https://openalex.org/W2996703886","https://openalex.org/W3004672782","https://openalex.org/W3012297320","https://openalex.org/W3034785991","https://openalex.org/W3035193053","https://openalex.org/W3035307763","https://openalex.org/W3097407159","https://openalex.org/W3108659450","https://openalex.org/W3108994527","https://openalex.org/W3109242411","https://openalex.org/W3160910141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240200267","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W1524661185","https://openalex.org/W2078823605","https://openalex.org/W2500095415","https://openalex.org/W2097922264","https://openalex.org/W2282342021","https://openalex.org/W4233026749","https://openalex.org/W4248106174","https://openalex.org/W2766091780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dense":[0],"crowd":[1,20,106,139],"counting":[2,143,182],"is":[3,38,70,98,184],"one":[4],"of":[5,24,35,78,83,109,125,134,155,186],"the":[6,33,43,76,115,123,132,138,152,156,204,208,213,218],"challenging":[7],"problems":[8],"where":[9],"creating":[10],"large":[11],"labeled":[12,100],"datasets":[13],"turns":[14],"out":[15],"to":[16,28,41,46,101,119,131],"be":[17],"difficult.":[18],"Typical":[19],"images":[21,135],"have":[22],"thousands":[23],"people":[25],"positioned":[26],"close":[27],"each":[29],"other":[30],"and":[31,73,128,172,192,207],"annotating":[32,110],"locations":[34],"every":[36,63,111],"person":[37,113],"tedious.":[39],"Add":[40],"these":[42],"growing":[44],"need":[45],"include":[47],"crowds":[48],"from":[49,151],"as":[50,54],"many":[51],"diverse":[52],"scenarios":[53],"possible":[55],"for":[56,65,170,211],"better":[57],"generalization.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,88],"context,":[61],"labeling":[62,94],"head":[64],"various":[66],"settings":[67],"under":[68],"consideration":[69],"not":[71],"scalable":[72],"directly":[74,150],"affects":[75],"performance":[77,223],"deep":[79],"models":[80,226],"on":[81],"account":[82],"limited":[84],"data.":[85],"We":[86],"mitigate":[87],"issue":[89],"with":[90],"a":[91,187,193],"new":[92],"binary":[93,205],"scheme.":[95],"Every":[96],"image":[97],"simply":[99],"either":[102],"dense":[103,171],"or":[104],"sparse":[105,173],"category,":[107],"instead":[108],"single":[112],"in":[114,122,176],"scene.":[116],"This":[117],"leads":[118],"dramatic":[120],"reduction":[121],"amount":[124],"annotations":[126],"required":[127],"becomes":[129],"proportional":[130],"number":[133],"rather":[136],"than":[137,224],"count.":[140],"For":[141],"training":[142,212],"models,":[144],"we":[145],"create":[146],"noisy":[147],"density":[148,154,199],"maps":[149,200],"edge":[153],"images,":[157],"which":[158],"are":[159,166,201],"then":[160],"improved":[161],"through":[162],"rectifier":[163,168,209],"networks.":[164],"There":[165],"separate":[167],"networks":[169,210],"categories,":[174],"trained":[175],"an":[177,228],"unsupervised":[178],"fashion.":[179],"The":[180,196],"proposed":[181,219],"model":[183],"composed":[185],"self-supervised":[188],"backbone":[189],"feature":[190],"network":[191],"regressor":[194],"head.":[195],"ground":[197],"truth":[198],"generated":[202],"using":[203],"labels":[206],"regressor.":[214],"Experiments":[215],"show":[216],"that":[217],"architecture":[220],"achieves":[221],"competitive":[222],"existing":[225],"at":[227],"extremely":[229],"low":[230],"annotation":[231],"cost.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
