{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313463292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571403","title":"Learned Load Balancing","display_name":"Learned Load Balancing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313463292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571306.3571403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571403","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571306.3571403","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571306.3571403","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041727883","display_name":"Brian Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-8704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-8704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035329776","display_name":"Aditya Akella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Akella","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-170X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089920000","display_name":"Loris D\u2019Antoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-4037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loris D'Antoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-4037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036913802","display_name":"Kausik Subramanian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kausik Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-2277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041727883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3773,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81075597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.8579427003860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8090367317199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.753760576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6354256868362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6053309440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.4600714147090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.42684322595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3730405867099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09414327144622803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.8579427003860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8090367317199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.753760576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6354256868362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6053309440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.4600714147090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.42684322595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3730405867099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09414327144622803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571306.3571403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571403","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571306.3571403","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571306.3571403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571403","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3571306.3571403","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313463292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313463292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1988150362","https://openalex.org/W1990249073","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2025177582","https://openalex.org/W2081979535","https://openalex.org/W2087178199","https://openalex.org/W2126210439","https://openalex.org/W2126969025","https://openalex.org/W2129018774","https://openalex.org/W2134889667","https://openalex.org/W2157990152","https://openalex.org/W2198739892","https://openalex.org/W2465793152","https://openalex.org/W2486960733","https://openalex.org/W2501089562","https://openalex.org/W2744567246","https://openalex.org/W2744628735","https://openalex.org/W2768254111","https://openalex.org/W2798534715","https://openalex.org/W2824027552","https://openalex.org/W2847302746","https://openalex.org/W2878215196","https://openalex.org/W2901551283","https://openalex.org/W2903538278","https://openalex.org/W2962771342","https://openalex.org/W2967062414","https://openalex.org/W2968450015","https://openalex.org/W2968986602","https://openalex.org/W3016712945","https://openalex.org/W3044263787","https://openalex.org/W3046379685","https://openalex.org/W4235670058","https://openalex.org/W4236202168","https://openalex.org/W4365806378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2392884863","https://openalex.org/W2150101281","https://openalex.org/W1514383694","https://openalex.org/W2157860049","https://openalex.org/W2014759467","https://openalex.org/W2053725403","https://openalex.org/W3013420515","https://openalex.org/W4282813274","https://openalex.org/W2400742338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effectively":[0],"balancing":[1,14,30,61,97,113],"traffic":[2,70,145],"in":[3,126,155,163],"datacenter":[4],"networks":[5],"is":[6,104,123],"a":[7,95,105,116],"crucial":[8],"operational":[9],"goal.":[10],"Most":[11],"existing":[12],"load":[13,29,60,96,112],"approaches":[15],"are":[16,32],"handcrafted":[17],"to":[18,42,80,88,108,128,139,142,152,184,198],"the":[19,22,35,58,84,130,156,200],"structure":[20],"of":[21,202],"network":[23,25,37,47,118,164,188,194],"and/or":[24],"workloads.":[26],"Thus,":[27],"new":[28],"strategies":[31],"required":[33],"if":[34],"underlying":[36,157],"conditions":[38],"change,":[39],"e.g.,":[40],"due":[41],"hard":[43],"or":[44,50],"grey":[45],"failures,":[46],"topology":[48,72,119,148],"evolution,":[49],"workload":[51],"shifts.":[52],"While":[53],"we":[54,93],"can":[55,181],"theoretically":[56],"derive":[57],"optimal":[59,111],"strategy":[62,114],"by":[63],"solving":[64],"an":[65,110],"optimization":[66],"problem":[67],"given":[68,117],"certain":[69],"and":[71,82,120,122,147,150,168,180],"conditions,":[73],"these":[74],"problems":[75],"take":[76],"too":[77],"much":[78],"time":[79],"solve":[81],"makes":[83],"derived":[85],"solution":[86],"stale":[87],"deploy.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"describe":[94],"scheme":[98],"Learned":[99],"Load":[100],"Balancing":[101],"(LLB),":[102],"which":[103],"general":[106],"approach":[107],"finding":[109],"for":[115],"workload,":[121],"fast":[124],"enough":[125],"practice":[127],"deploy":[129],"inferred":[131],"strategies.":[132],"LLB":[133,159,175],"uses":[134],"deep":[135],"supervised":[136],"learning":[137],"techniques":[138],"learn":[140],"how":[141],"handle":[143],"different":[144],"patterns":[146],"changes,":[149],"adapts":[151],"any":[153],"failures":[154,179],"network.":[158],"leverages":[160],"emerging":[161],"trends":[162],"telemetry,":[165],"programmable":[166],"switching,":[167],"\"smart\"":[169],"NICs.":[170],"Our":[171],"experiments":[172],"show":[173],"that":[174],"performs":[176],"well":[177],"under":[178],"be":[182],"expanded":[183],"more":[185],"complex,":[186],"multi-layered":[187],"topologies.":[189],"We":[190],"also":[191],"prototype":[192],"neural":[193],"inference":[195],"on":[196],"smartNICs":[197],"demonstrate":[199],"workability":[201],"LLB.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}