{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313463181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571392","title":"GeoChain: A Locality-Based Sharding Protocol for Permissioned Blockchains","display_name":"GeoChain: A Locality-Based Sharding Protocol for Permissioned Blockchains","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313463181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571306.3571392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571392","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040266141","display_name":"Chunyu Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-9404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-9404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075472271","display_name":"Wojciech Golab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Golab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-256X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040266141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93280127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"70","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7825130224227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7754356861114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.7111960649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6124538779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.593052864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4999866485595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3860577642917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38554680347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20492103695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1779591143131256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0685080885887146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7825130224227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7754356861114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.7111960649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6124538779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.593052864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4999866485595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3860577642917633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38554680347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20492103695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1779591143131256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0685080885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3571306.3571392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3571306.3571392","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2023304911","https://openalex.org/W2116643105","https://openalex.org/W2480483496","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2902905458","https://openalex.org/W2903302231","https://openalex.org/W2944812228","https://openalex.org/W2964303100","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W7027717352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555349535","https://openalex.org/W1556451512","https://openalex.org/W4234091740","https://openalex.org/W4213350282","https://openalex.org/W2230171082","https://openalex.org/W2583128298","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2369125128","https://openalex.org/W2571250724","https://openalex.org/W2393741509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"is":[1,23,80,137],"a":[2,13,19,36,56,91,112,162],"distributed":[3],"ledger":[4],"that":[5,29,60,153],"uses":[6],"cryptography":[7],"and":[8,105,120,145],"consensus":[9],"protocols":[10],"to":[11,83,116,127],"record":[12],"growing":[14],"list":[15],"of":[16,25,49,94,141,165],"transactions":[17,96,119],"in":[18,90],"tamper-resistant":[20],"manner.":[21],"Scalability":[22],"one":[24],"the":[26,47,78,85,157,170],"main":[27],"problems":[28],"limit":[30],"its":[31],"usage.":[32],"This":[33,124],"paper":[34],"introduces":[35],"full":[37],"sharding":[38,51,58],"protocol,":[39],"Geochain,":[40],"for":[41,97],"permissioned":[42],"blockchains.":[43],"We":[44,64,109],"first":[45],"clarify":[46],"limitations":[48],"state-of-the-art":[50],"protocols.":[52],"Then,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55,111],"locality-based":[57],"protocol":[59,155],"achieves":[61],"high":[62,163],"scalability.":[63],"optimize":[65],"inter-shard":[66],"performance":[67],"by":[68],"clustering":[69],"participants":[70],"using":[71],"their":[72,129],"geographical":[73],"properties,":[74],"locality.":[75],"In":[76],"addition,":[77],"locality":[79],"also":[81,110],"employed":[82],"decide":[84],"transaction":[86,171],"placement":[87],"which":[88],"results":[89],"low":[92],"ratio":[93,164],"cross-shard":[95,118,166],"applications,":[98],"such":[99],"as":[100],"everyday":[101],"banking,":[102],"retail":[103],"payments,":[104],"electric":[106],"vehicle":[107],"charging.":[108],"client-driven":[113],"efficient":[114],"mechanism":[115],"handle":[117],"present":[121],"an":[122],"analysis.":[123],"enables":[125],"clients":[126],"manage":[128],"assets":[130],"across":[131],"different":[132],"shards":[133],"directly.":[134],"A":[135],"prototype":[136],"implemented":[138],"on":[139,147],"top":[140],"Hyperledger":[142],"Fabric":[143],"v2.3":[144],"evaluated":[146],"Amazon":[148],"EC2.":[149],"The":[150],"experiments":[151],"show":[152],"our":[154],"doubles":[156],"peak":[158],"throughput,":[159],"even":[160],"with":[161],"transactions,":[167],"while":[168],"minimizing":[169],"latency.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}