{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366342455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592511","title":"GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter","display_name":"GPSMirror: Expanding Accurate GPS Positioning to Shadowed and Indoor Regions with Backscatter","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366342455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570361.3592511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082415623","display_name":"Huixin Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huixin Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045456872","display_name":"Yirong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3843-4282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yirong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090844352","display_name":"Xianan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0054-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391924","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-4856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390687","display_name":"Xinyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-8056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014610561","display_name":"Jianhua He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-8507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082415623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3382,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9274143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.9134695529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.644338071346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5711691975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5172003507614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5163341760635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.5078168511390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4281584620475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38403624296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24940797686576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18278494477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1655445098876953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.9134695529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.644338071346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5711691975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5172003507614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5163341760635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.5078168511390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4281584620475769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38403624296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24940797686576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18278494477272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1655445098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570361.3592511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2304.07572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07572","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:34673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://repository.essex.ac.uk/34673/1/mobicom23-final139-20230325.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2304.07572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07572","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1974542962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Sk\u0142odowska","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2039609202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"824019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2689612763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Marie","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2870525900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Wuhan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960475293","display_name":"Precision Studies of Neutrino Oscillations and Interactions","funder_award_id":"1806600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700298523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5073550242","display_name":"Enhanced 5G Vehicle to Vehicle Technologies for Safe and Reliable Connected Autonomous Vehicles Applications","funder_award_id":"101022280","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5853313636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Knowledge","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084029746","display_name":"Lead Learners in Mathematics:  Cultivating Leadership to Support Mathematics Education Reform in Boston","funder_award_id":"0102228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366342455.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981365989","https://openalex.org/W2042630443","https://openalex.org/W2066128526","https://openalex.org/W2095890162","https://openalex.org/W2111360050","https://openalex.org/W2135878774","https://openalex.org/W2137617284","https://openalex.org/W2169474053","https://openalex.org/W2183451349","https://openalex.org/W2345634401","https://openalex.org/W2615463707","https://openalex.org/W2765485219","https://openalex.org/W2868508476","https://openalex.org/W2874044305","https://openalex.org/W2892976159","https://openalex.org/W2896237406","https://openalex.org/W2902468342","https://openalex.org/W2904964422","https://openalex.org/W2964634644","https://openalex.org/W2968103728","https://openalex.org/W2987746713","https://openalex.org/W2999570098","https://openalex.org/W3088696499","https://openalex.org/W3098590820","https://openalex.org/W3099666646","https://openalex.org/W3201120102","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4282983976","https://openalex.org/W4285663067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2515847838","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W565898267","https://openalex.org/W2199103283","https://openalex.org/W2391884925","https://openalex.org/W2141773077","https://openalex.org/W2168956667","https://openalex.org/W659464456","https://openalex.org/W2119935980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,59,63,73,98,113,147],"prevalence":[2],"of":[3,34,75,100,146,176],"GPS":[4,35,77,107,120],"services,":[5],"they":[6],"still":[7],"suffer":[8],"from":[9],"intermittent":[10],"positioning":[11,121,174],"with":[12,61,72,92,109],"poor":[13],"accuracy":[14,125,175],"in":[15,50,84,126,183],"partially":[16],"shadowed":[17,127],"regions":[18,52,128,134],"like":[19],"urban":[20,184],"canyons,":[21],"flyover":[22],"shadows,":[23],"and":[24,53,116,150,180],"factories'":[25],"indoor":[26],"areas.":[27],"Existing":[28],"wisdom":[29],"relies":[30],"on":[31],"hardware":[32,90],"modifications":[33],"receivers":[36],"or":[37],"power-hungry":[38],"infrastructures":[39],"requiring":[40],"continuous":[41],"plug-in":[42],"power":[43,94],"supply":[44],"which":[45],"is":[46],"hard":[47],"to":[48,103,154,168],"provide":[49,165],"outdoor":[51],"some":[54],"factories.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"fills":[58],"gap":[60],"GPSMirror,":[62],"first":[64],"GPS-strengthening":[65],"system":[66],"that":[67,96,160],"works":[68],"for":[69],"unmodified":[70],"smartphones":[71],"assistance":[74],"newly-designed":[76],"backscatter":[78,101],"tags.":[79],"The":[80],"key":[81],"enabling":[82],"techniques":[83],"GPSMirror":[85,148,162,171],"include:":[86],"(i)":[87],"a":[88,118,144,161],"meticulous":[89],"design":[91],"microwatt-level":[93],"consumption":[95],"pushes":[97],"limit":[99],"sensitivity":[102],"re-radiate":[104],"extremely":[105],"weak":[106],"signals":[108],"enough":[110],"coverage":[111,166],"approaching":[112],"regulation":[114],"limit;":[115],"(ii)":[117],"novel":[119],"algorithm":[122],"achieving":[123],"meter-level":[124],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"expanding":[132],"locatable":[133],"under":[135],"inadequate":[136],"satellites":[137],"where":[138],"conventional":[139],"algorithms":[140],"fail.":[141],"We":[142],"build":[143],"prototype":[145],"tags":[149],"conduct":[151],"comprehensive":[152],"experiments":[153],"evaluate":[155],"them.":[156],"Our":[157],"results":[158],"show":[159],"tag":[163],"can":[164],"up":[167],"27.7":[169],"m.":[170],"achieves":[172],"median":[173],"3.7":[177],"m":[178,182],"indoors":[179],"4.6":[181],"canyon":[185],"environments,":[186],"respectively.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}