{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387212757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592495","title":"AccessWear: Making Smartphone Applications Accessible to Blind Users","display_name":"AccessWear: Making Smartphone Applications Accessible to Blind Users","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387212757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570361.3592495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083343152","display_name":"Prerna Khanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prerna Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021348625","display_name":"Shirin Feiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Feiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-7305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049021985","display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005648942","display_name":"I. V. Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-7043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"IV Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-7043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102706524","display_name":"Shubham Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-6420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubham Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-6420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016901770","display_name":"Xiaojun Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-7709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-7709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048867459","display_name":"Aruna Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aruna Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-2215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083343152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82359179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.9550168514251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.8198103904724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.7682516574859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7187228202819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6977145075798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6192163228988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5710477232933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.4393719434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.4290555417537689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.42289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2474764585494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1484314501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08889341354370117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.9550168514251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.8198103904724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7682516574859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7187228202819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6977145075798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6192163228988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5710477232933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.4393719434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4290555417537689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.42289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2474764585494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1484314501285553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08889341354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570361.3592495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3592495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2959821023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01EY030085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3335282361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2113485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6677193625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HD097188","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7553465037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2110193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7573996211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2153056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8328043985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2125147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1546360191","https://openalex.org/W1877705782","https://openalex.org/W1965463267","https://openalex.org/W1986707552","https://openalex.org/W2005899641","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W2067964575","https://openalex.org/W2124098101","https://openalex.org/W2129114382","https://openalex.org/W2139705460","https://openalex.org/W2402069821","https://openalex.org/W2466188202","https://openalex.org/W2500211783","https://openalex.org/W2501703397","https://openalex.org/W2514624455","https://openalex.org/W2516462428","https://openalex.org/W2532674301","https://openalex.org/W2533819212","https://openalex.org/W2535391349","https://openalex.org/W2538172027","https://openalex.org/W2734326052","https://openalex.org/W2761305481","https://openalex.org/W2765318865","https://openalex.org/W2791162211","https://openalex.org/W2792722892","https://openalex.org/W2896580704","https://openalex.org/W2897886597","https://openalex.org/W2912868098","https://openalex.org/W2922041470","https://openalex.org/W2953033606","https://openalex.org/W2968870078","https://openalex.org/W2971733775","https://openalex.org/W2981382540","https://openalex.org/W2997437965","https://openalex.org/W3003717288","https://openalex.org/W3033555630","https://openalex.org/W3045861820","https://openalex.org/W3047147270","https://openalex.org/W3114473259","https://openalex.org/W3130100387","https://openalex.org/W3161099169","https://openalex.org/W3163439191","https://openalex.org/W4220783478","https://openalex.org/W4226251756","https://openalex.org/W4247301080","https://openalex.org/W4255601674","https://openalex.org/W4287828780","https://openalex.org/W4306179708","https://openalex.org/W4365799911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362245340","https://openalex.org/W2016136991","https://openalex.org/W2611740235","https://openalex.org/W3183694079","https://openalex.org/W2548919583","https://openalex.org/W2549391829","https://openalex.org/W427448412","https://openalex.org/W2762811937","https://openalex.org/W2981402874","https://openalex.org/W2402904651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,141],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"AccessWear,":[5],"a":[6,37,103,106,150,172,194,215,233,258,262],"system":[7,23,153,176,267],"that":[8,33,49,65,86,122,154,160,177,193,227,254],"improves":[9],"the":[10,30,53,95,184,199,237,266,284],"accessibility":[11],"of":[12,55,261,264],"smartphone":[13,209],"touchscreen":[14,200],"interactions":[15],"for":[16,157],"blind":[17,43,50,126,158,222],"users":[18,51,127,159],"using":[19,56,67,241],"smartwatch":[20,57,116],"gestures.":[21],"Our":[22,224],"design":[24,31],"is":[25,98,149,161,171,268],"human-centered,":[26],"namely,":[27],"it":[28],"incorporates":[29],"goals":[32],"were":[34],"learned":[35],"from":[36],"formative":[38,46],"user":[39],"study":[40,47,119,219,225,252],"with":[41,92,220,232],"9":[42],"participants.":[44,223],"The":[45,147,169,250],"showed":[48],"liked":[52,64,85],"idea":[54],"gestures":[58,88,123,231],"as":[59,94],"an":[60,207,242],"alternative:":[61],"4":[62],"participants":[63,84,256],"when":[66,240,255],"smart-watch":[68,87],"gestures,":[69,117,265],"they":[70],"did":[71],"not":[72,165,179,271,277],"have":[73,128,272],"to":[74,115,132,183],"bring":[75],"their":[76],"expensive":[77],"phones":[78],"out":[79],"in":[80,101],"public":[81],"and":[82,163,210,217,236,275],"6":[83],"can":[89,197,229],"be":[90],"performed":[91,124],"one-hand,":[93],"other":[96],"hand":[97],"usually":[99],"occupied":[100],"holding":[102],"cane":[104],"or":[105,280],"guide":[107],"dog.":[108],"Even":[109],"though":[110],"there":[111],"are":[112],"several":[113],"advantages":[114],"our":[118],"also":[120],"shows":[121,226,253],"by":[125],"different":[129],"patterns":[130],"compared":[131],"sighted":[133],"users,":[134],"making":[135],"gesture":[136,151,174,196,244],"recognition":[137,152],"more":[138],"challenging.":[139],"To":[140],"end,":[142],"AccessWear":[143,187,205,228],"makes":[144],"two":[145],"contributions.":[146],"first":[148],"works":[155],"specifically":[156],"lightweight":[162],"does":[164,178,270,276],"require":[166,180],"per-person":[167],"training.":[168],"second":[170],"near-zero-effort":[173],"replacement":[175],"any":[181],"changes":[182],"original":[185],"application.":[186],"uses":[188],"input":[189,201],"virtualization":[190],"techniques":[191],"so":[192],"given":[195],"replace":[198],"seamlessly.":[202],"We":[203,213],"implement":[204],"on":[206,248,283],"Android":[208,211],"watch.":[212],"perform":[214,257],"quantitative":[216],"qualitative":[218,251],"8":[221],"recognize":[230],"92%":[234],"accuracy":[235],"end-to-end":[238],"latency":[239],"alternate":[243],"was":[245],"53":[246],"msec":[247],"average.":[249],"task,":[259],"consisting":[260],"series":[263],"robust,":[269],"perceived":[273],"delays,":[274],"add":[278],"physical":[279],"mental":[281],"load":[282],"users.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
