{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307884499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570304","title":"Puppeteer: A Random Forest Based Manager for Hardware Prefetchers Across the Memory Hierarchy","display_name":"Puppeteer: A Random Forest Based Manager for Hardware Prefetchers Across the Memory Hierarchy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307884499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3570304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3570304","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090424694","display_name":"Furkan Eris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-6959"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Furkan Eris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080221369","display_name":"Marcia S. Louis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5396"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076108394","display_name":"Kubra Eris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-7060"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kubra Eris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007832959","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Abell\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-720X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68763199","display_name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia","ror":"https://ror.org/05b1rsv17","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68763199"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Abell\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68763199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089428659","display_name":"Ajay Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-9942"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090424694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77159275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.85043865442276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-hierarchy","display_name":"Memory hierarchy","score":0.6110150814056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5893789529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43557676672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4173967242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.28366219997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.20685476064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18455040454864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18291935324668884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.85043865442276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778100165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589327","display_name":"Memory hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.6110150814056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5893789529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43557676672935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4173967242240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.28366219997406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.20685476064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18455040454864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18291935324668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3570304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3570304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3570304","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3570304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320060331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1598597440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643949827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2295948494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2713276326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969783435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219925899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3429648993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126322094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5771269003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-112827GB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6685425346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260616629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8638682022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/50110001103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307884499.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307884499.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192658185","https://openalex.org/W1600199800","https://openalex.org/W1797580880","https://openalex.org/W2001420671","https://openalex.org/W2036162037","https://openalex.org/W2095258606","https://openalex.org/W2100507054","https://openalex.org/W2101738713","https://openalex.org/W2108263314","https://openalex.org/W2109915751","https://openalex.org/W2113441357","https://openalex.org/W2150143212","https://openalex.org/W2152659795","https://openalex.org/W2158630919","https://openalex.org/W2165113127","https://openalex.org/W2166620913","https://openalex.org/W2166879008","https://openalex.org/W2234679013","https://openalex.org/W2333944373","https://openalex.org/W2492294785","https://openalex.org/W2585039363","https://openalex.org/W2593086047","https://openalex.org/W2623205199","https://openalex.org/W2762076598","https://openalex.org/W2792738181","https://openalex.org/W2884724542","https://openalex.org/W2885965959","https://openalex.org/W2896795945","https://openalex.org/W2897434075","https://openalex.org/W2930718998","https://openalex.org/W2950959891","https://openalex.org/W2962807014","https://openalex.org/W2964150361","https://openalex.org/W2971368653","https://openalex.org/W2978977929","https://openalex.org/W2988190042","https://openalex.org/W3004300886","https://openalex.org/W3036202203","https://openalex.org/W3043167609","https://openalex.org/W3124943311","https://openalex.org/W3138221395","https://openalex.org/W3153963463","https://openalex.org/W3203303453","https://openalex.org/W3205610680","https://openalex.org/W4241590855","https://openalex.org/W4241727715","https://openalex.org/W4251451722","https://openalex.org/W4252961525","https://openalex.org/W4254746653","https://openalex.org/W4292169167","https://openalex.org/W4312917169","https://openalex.org/W6676249281","https://openalex.org/W6749259350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3006513224","https://openalex.org/W2046456988","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2357409937","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,9,16,23,30,51,69,73,93,111,169,174,182,229,239,243,254,257],"years,":[2],"processor":[3,37],"throughput":[4,11],"has":[5,12,20,44],"steadily":[6],"increased.":[7],"However,":[8],"memory":[10,24,70,94,170],"not":[13,119],"increased":[14],"at":[15,89,158,165],"same":[17],"rate,":[18],"which":[19,142,160],"led":[21],"to":[22,127,156,187,249,253],"wall":[25],"problem":[26],"in":[27,50,68,102,110,168,200,204,208],"turn":[28],"increasing":[29],"gap":[31],"between":[32],"effective":[33],"and":[34,64,124,179,206,219,238],"theoretical":[35],"peak":[36],"performance.":[38],"To":[39,80],"cope":[40],"with":[41,72,190,222],"this,":[42],"there":[43],"been":[45],"an":[46],"abundance":[47],"of":[48,53,75,92,152,231,242,256],"work":[49],"area":[52],"data/instruction":[54,61,77,183],"prefetcher":[55,99,146,161],"designs.":[56],"Broadly,":[57],"prefetchers":[58,86,109,117,175],"predict":[59],"future":[60],"address":[62],"accesses":[63],"proactively":[65],"fetch":[66],"data/instructions":[67],"hierarchy":[71],"goal":[74],"lowering":[76],"access":[78,184],"latency.":[79,185],"this":[81,137],"end,":[82],"one":[83],"or":[84],"more":[85,235],"are":[87],"deployed":[88],"each":[90,98,122,166,177],"level":[91,167],"hierarchy,":[95,171],"but":[96],"typically,":[97],"gets":[100],"designed":[101],"isolation":[103],"without":[104],"comprehensively":[105],"accounting":[106],"for":[107],"other":[108,178],"system.":[112],"As":[113],"a":[114,144,150,188],"result,":[115],"individual":[116],"do":[118],"always":[120],"complement":[121,176],"other,":[123],"that":[125,148,173],"leads":[126],"lower":[128],"average":[129,212],"performance":[130,240],"gains":[131],"and/or":[132],"many":[133],"negative":[134,232,245],"outliers.":[135],"In":[136],"work,":[138],"we":[139,180,195,226],"propose":[140],"Puppeteer,":[141],"is":[143],"hardware":[145],"manager":[147],"uses":[149],"suite":[151],"random":[153],"forest":[154],"regressors":[155],"determine":[157],"runtime":[159],"should":[162],"be":[163],"ON":[164],"such":[172],"reduce":[181,228],"Compared":[186],"design":[189],"no":[191],"prefetchers,":[192],"using":[193],"Puppeteer":[194],"improve":[196],"IPC":[197],"by":[198,234],"46.0%":[199],"1":[201],"one-core,":[202],"25.8%":[203],"four-core,":[205],"11.9%":[207],"eight-core":[209],"processors":[210],"on":[211],"across":[213],"traces":[214],"generated":[215],"from":[216,247],"SPEC2017,":[217],"SPEC2006,":[218],"Cloud":[220],"suites":[221],"~11-KB":[223],"overhead.":[224],"Moreover,":[225],"also":[227],"number":[230],"outliers":[233],"than":[236],"89%,":[237],"loss":[241],"worst-case":[244],"outlier":[246],"25%":[248],"only":[250],"5%":[251],"compared":[252],"state":[255],"art.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}