{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319736177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569958","title":"An Analysis of Adversary-Centric Security Testing within Information and Operational Technology Environments","display_name":"An Analysis of Adversary-Centric Security Testing within Information and Operational Technology Environments","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319736177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569958","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072919070","display_name":"Alexander Staves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9861-0477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Staves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000804944","display_name":"Antonios Gouglidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Gouglidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030962937","display_name":"David Hutchison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6052-0559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hutchison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0684,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96790154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.8327182531356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7171483039855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6430202722549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5723910927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-testing","display_name":"Security testing","score":0.5588544011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5441786050796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.5314694046974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.47425854206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.46647530794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.4628125727176666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.4365948438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-management","display_name":"Vulnerability management","score":0.41774487495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.36798572540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.3194468319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.2742699384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13428187370300293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.8327182531356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7171483039855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6430202722549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5723910927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.5588544011116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5441786050796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5314694046974182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47425854206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.46647530794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.4628125727176666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.4365948438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172776598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943570","display_name":"Vulnerability management","level":4,"score":0.41774487495422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.36798572540283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.3194468319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.2742699384689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13428187370300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569958","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:178569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/178569/1/IT_vs_OT_DTRAP.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569958","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235901","display_name":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","issn_l":"2576-5337","issn":["2576-5337","2692-1626"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Threats: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5303011379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R00692X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319736177.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319736177.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968281082","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2126293301","https://openalex.org/W2186354314","https://openalex.org/W2294760324","https://openalex.org/W2433511790","https://openalex.org/W2501419818","https://openalex.org/W2766666275","https://openalex.org/W3140539032","https://openalex.org/W3155831800","https://openalex.org/W3186345182","https://openalex.org/W3192615057","https://openalex.org/W3202430088","https://openalex.org/W4205700270","https://openalex.org/W4221141556","https://openalex.org/W4255835909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120086576","https://openalex.org/W2164920192","https://openalex.org/W2062583373","https://openalex.org/W2730880816","https://openalex.org/W2031957425","https://openalex.org/W2545999784","https://openalex.org/W1811024770","https://openalex.org/W3189065608","https://openalex.org/W2018644264","https://openalex.org/W896362041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assurance":[0],"techniques":[1,120,162,190],"such":[2,193],"as":[3],"adversary-centric":[4,104,117,142,176],"security":[5,105,118,143,165,177],"testing":[6,119,178],"are":[7,50],"an":[8,75,86,122],"essential":[9],"part":[10],"of":[11,29,66,77,103],"the":[12,27,63,67,78,101,184,187,197],"risk":[13,18],"assessment":[14],"process":[15],"for":[16,95,164,173],"improving":[17],"mitigation":[19],"and":[20,37,83,151,161,189],"response":[21],"capabilities":[22],"against":[23],"cyber":[24],"attacks.":[25],"While":[26],"use":[28],"these":[30,54,98,113],"techniques,":[31],"including":[32],"vulnerability":[33],"assessments,":[34],"penetration":[35],"tests,":[36],"red":[38],"team":[39],"engagements,":[40],"is":[41,136,155],"well":[42],"established":[43],"within":[44,55,107,179],"Information":[45],"Technology":[46,57],"(IT)":[47],"environments,":[48,59],"there":[49],"challenges":[51],"to":[52,62,139,159,196],"conducting":[53],"Operational":[56],"(OT)":[58],"often":[60],"due":[61],"critical":[64],"nature":[65],"OT":[68,84,135,146,180],"system.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71,129],"article,":[72],"we":[73],"provide":[74],"analysis":[76,91],"technical":[79],"differences":[80,99],"between":[81],"IT":[82],"from":[85,128],"asset":[87],"management":[88],"perspective.":[89],"This":[90],"provides":[92],"a":[93],"base":[94],"identifying":[96],"how":[97],"affect":[100],"phases":[102],"tests":[106],"industrial":[108,123],"environments.":[109],"We":[110],"then":[111],"evaluate":[112],"findings":[114],"by":[115,182],"using":[116],"on":[121],"control":[124],"system":[125],"testbed.":[126],"Results":[127],"work":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"that":[132,147,186],"while":[133],"legacy":[134],"highly":[137],"susceptible":[138],"disruption":[140],"during":[141,192],"testing,":[144],"modern":[145],"uses":[148],"better":[149],"hardware":[150],"more":[152,157],"optimised":[153],"software":[154],"significantly":[156],"resilient":[158],"tools":[160,188],"used":[163,191],"testing.":[166],"Clear":[167],"requirements":[168],"can,":[169],"therefore,":[170],"be":[171],"identified":[172],"ensuring":[174],"appropriate":[175],"environments":[181],"quantifying":[183],"risks":[185],"engagements":[194],"present":[195],"operational":[198],"process.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
