{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319837277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569486","title":"I Spy You","display_name":"I Spy You","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319837277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569486","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569486","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053742218","display_name":"Shijia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-4571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shijia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051154334","display_name":"Yilin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064270644","display_name":"Mahanth Gowda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahanth Gowda","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053742218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87537836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7735310792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6743694543838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6473052501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.6140738129615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5393559336662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom","display_name":"Zoom","score":0.49742773175239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4459366798400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.43185630440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36213982105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33870548009872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12404978275299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08621245622634888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735310792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6743694543838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6473052501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.6140738129615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5393559336662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.49742773175239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4459366798400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.43185630440711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36213982105255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33870548009872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12404978275299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08621245622634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569486","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569486","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569486","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3569486","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7643974023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2008384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319837277.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319837277.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1141027450","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1977985044","https://openalex.org/W2009203965","https://openalex.org/W2074367177","https://openalex.org/W2080005694","https://openalex.org/W2082629283","https://openalex.org/W2106074455","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110628236","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2128368067","https://openalex.org/W2128653836","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2144900591","https://openalex.org/W2295760285","https://openalex.org/W2327501763","https://openalex.org/W2516871879","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2606800752","https://openalex.org/W2730482441","https://openalex.org/W2746325398","https://openalex.org/W2750023899","https://openalex.org/W2794804810","https://openalex.org/W2807103388","https://openalex.org/W2914603327","https://openalex.org/W2933224119","https://openalex.org/W2946434750","https://openalex.org/W2962824709","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2963970535","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2995339193","https://openalex.org/W3007498683","https://openalex.org/W3018242354","https://openalex.org/W3035119815","https://openalex.org/W3090445635","https://openalex.org/W3105451204","https://openalex.org/W3109500059","https://openalex.org/W3154223295","https://openalex.org/W3162847598","https://openalex.org/W3174649129"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2385749422","https://openalex.org/W2355290145","https://openalex.org/W2353465659","https://openalex.org/W2009888974","https://openalex.org/W2355539379","https://openalex.org/W2056341223","https://openalex.org/W3023105672","https://openalex.org/W4231410700","https://openalex.org/W2042723094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,66],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"iSpyU,":[3],"a":[4,18,27,60,68,89,110,137,158,167,173,188,194],"system":[5],"that":[6],"shows":[7],"the":[8,42,51,64,80,85],"feasibility":[9],"of":[10,12,29,91,99,114,116,139,162,169,177,185],"recognition":[11],"natural":[13],"speech":[14,76],"content":[15,77],"played":[16,78],"on":[17,74,154],"phone":[19],"during":[20],"conference":[21],"calls":[22],"(Skype,":[23],"Zoom,":[24],"etc)":[25],"using":[26],"fusion":[28],"motion":[30,52,100,129],"sensors":[31,53,101],"such":[32,183],"as":[33],"accelerometer":[34],"and":[35,148,172],"gyroscope.":[36],"While":[37],"microphones":[38],"require":[39],"permissions":[40],"from":[41,193],"user":[43],"to":[44,71,106,120],"be":[45],"accessible":[46,58],"by":[47,59,79,136],"an":[48],"app":[49,70],"developer,":[50],"are":[54],"zero-permission":[55],"sensors,":[56],"thus":[57],"developer":[61],"without":[62],"alerting":[63],"user.":[65],"allows":[67],"malicious":[69],"potentially":[72],"eavesdrop":[73],"sensitive":[75],"user's":[81],"phone.":[82],"In":[83],"designing":[84],"attack,":[86],"iSpyU":[87,131],"tackles":[88],"number":[90],"technical":[92],"challenges":[93,135],"including:":[94],"(i)":[95],"Low":[96],"sampling":[97],"rate":[98],"(500":[102],"Hz":[103],"in":[104,141],"comparison":[105],"44":[107],"kHz":[108],"for":[109,123],"microphone).":[111],"(ii)":[112],"Lack":[113],"availability":[115],"large-scale":[117],"training":[118,143],"datasets":[119],"train":[121],"models":[122],"Automatic":[124],"Speech":[125],"Recognition":[126],"(ASR)":[127],"with":[128],"sensors.":[130],"systematically":[132],"addresses":[133],"these":[134],"combination":[138],"techniques":[140],"synthetic":[142],"data":[144],"generation,":[145],"ASR":[146],"modeling,":[147],"domain":[149],"adaptation.":[150],"Extensive":[151],"measurement":[152],"studies":[153],"modern":[155],"smartphones":[156],"show":[157],"word":[159],"level":[160,175],"accuracy":[161,176,186],"53.3":[163],"-":[164,179],"59.9%":[165],"over":[166],"dictionary":[168],"2000-10000":[170],"words,":[171],"character":[174],"70.0":[178],"74.8%.":[180],"We":[181],"believe":[182],"levels":[184],"poses":[187],"significant":[189],"threat":[190],"when":[191],"viewed":[192],"privacy":[195],"perspective.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2023-02-11T00:00:00"}
