{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319837299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569477","title":"Non-intrusive Anomaly Detection of Industrial Robot Operations by Exploiting Nonlinear Effect","display_name":"Non-intrusive Anomaly Detection of Industrial Robot Operations by Exploiting Nonlinear Effect","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319837299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058286675","display_name":"Zhiqing Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqing Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062877572","display_name":"Mingxuan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-8308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-8308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391924","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-4856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-4856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114378267","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-1881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058286675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58847481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7962021231651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6729163527488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5601751208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5340669751167297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.48802652955055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.4784669578075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44450119137763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41311803460121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3898257315158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18613693118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16463306546211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.130048006772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.06989306211471558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7962021231651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6729163527488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5601751208305359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5340669751167297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.48802652955055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.4784669578075409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44450119137763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41311803460121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3898257315158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18613693118095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16463306546211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.130048006772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06989306211471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3569477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3569477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-125033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-125033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W2009353168","https://openalex.org/W2017583040","https://openalex.org/W2110119146","https://openalex.org/W2110428068","https://openalex.org/W2163887183","https://openalex.org/W2245181036","https://openalex.org/W2460321923","https://openalex.org/W2547263323","https://openalex.org/W2560179895","https://openalex.org/W2612327946","https://openalex.org/W2615463707","https://openalex.org/W2739237290","https://openalex.org/W2833339309","https://openalex.org/W2835408549","https://openalex.org/W2896245137","https://openalex.org/W2912272023","https://openalex.org/W2954621027","https://openalex.org/W2963043422","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2972469347","https://openalex.org/W2972731350","https://openalex.org/W2983436756","https://openalex.org/W3021574417","https://openalex.org/W3028311012","https://openalex.org/W3044871864","https://openalex.org/W3046550298","https://openalex.org/W3090913682","https://openalex.org/W3097762988","https://openalex.org/W3109279341","https://openalex.org/W3109995084","https://openalex.org/W3110146063","https://openalex.org/W3133747961","https://openalex.org/W3147071923","https://openalex.org/W4225648564","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4247702180","https://openalex.org/W4284879603","https://openalex.org/W4284899402","https://openalex.org/W4315630896","https://openalex.org/W4315630996","https://openalex.org/W4319837251","https://openalex.org/W6683890475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W2903025760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,25,44,49,64,78,86,93,101,106,119,122,130,137,143,148,154],"development":[2],"of":[3,5,21,27,51,81,88,184,190],"Internet":[4],"Robotic":[6],"Things":[7],"concept,":[8],"low-cost":[9],"radio":[10],"technologies":[11],"open":[12],"up":[13,181],"many":[14],"opportunities":[15],"to":[16,32,42,54,63,84,92,95,124,140,182],"facilitate":[17],"monitoring":[19],"system":[20,75],"industrial":[22],"robots,":[23],"while":[24],"openness":[26],"wireless":[28],"medium":[29],"exposes":[30],"robots":[31],"replay":[33],"and":[34,129,151,166,194],"man-in-the-middle":[35],"attackers,":[36],"who":[37],"send":[38],"pre-recorded":[39],"movement":[40,112,132,145,188],"data":[41],"mislead":[43],"system.":[45],"Recent":[46],"advances":[47],"advocate":[48],"use":[50],"high-resolution":[52],"sensors":[53],"monitor":[55],"robot":[56,94,138],"operations,":[57,113],"which":[58,114],"however":[59],"require":[60],"invasive":[61],"retrofit":[62],"robots.":[65],"To":[66],"overcome":[67],"this":[68],"predicament,":[69],"we":[70],"present":[71],"RobotScatter,":[72],"a":[73],"non-intrusive":[74],"that":[76,178],"exploits":[77],"nonlinear":[79],"effect":[80],"RF":[82],"circuits":[83],"fuse":[85],"propagation":[87,103],"backscatter":[89,102,149],"tags":[90,107],"attached":[91],"defend":[96],"against":[97,186],"active":[98],"attacks.":[99],"Specifically,":[100],"interacted":[104],"by":[105],"significantly":[108],"depends":[109],"on":[110,159],"various":[111],"can":[115],"be":[116],"captured":[117],"with":[118,169],"nonlinearity":[120],"at":[121],"receiver":[123],"uniquely":[125],"determine":[126],"its":[127],"identity":[128],"spatial":[131],"trajectory.":[133],"RobotScatter":[134,158,179],"then":[135],"profiles":[136],"movements":[139],"verify":[141],"whether":[142],"received":[144],"information":[146],"matches":[147],"signatures,":[150],"thus":[152],"detects":[153,180],"threat.":[155],"We":[156],"implement":[157],"two":[160],"common":[161],"robotic":[162],"platforms,":[163],"Universal":[164],"Robot":[165],"iRobot":[167],"Create,":[168],"over":[170],"1,500":[171],"operation":[172],"cycles.":[173],"The":[174],"experiment":[175],"results":[176],"show":[177],"94%":[183],"anomalies":[185],"small":[187],"deviations":[189],"10mm/s":[191],"in":[192,196],"velocity,":[193],"2.6cm":[195],"distance.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
