{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386584931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600140","title":"Evaluating Beacons, the Role of Variables, Tracing, and Abstract Tracing for Teaching Novices to Understand Program Intent","display_name":"Evaluating Beacons, the Role of Variables, Tracing, and Abstract Tracing for Teaching Novices to Understand Program Intent","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386584931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568813.3600140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041764656","display_name":"Mohammed Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-9730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-9730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011238152","display_name":"Kathryn Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066756473","display_name":"Craig Zilles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Zilles","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-4398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85939014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"329","last_page":"343"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.9250164031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.879442572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6988654136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.45061177015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17248183488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.10302004218101501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.9250164031982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.879442572593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6988654136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45061177015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17248183488845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.10302004218101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568813.3600140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8746124901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21-21424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964679590","https://openalex.org/W1994391216","https://openalex.org/W2016301867","https://openalex.org/W2036533373","https://openalex.org/W2048353495","https://openalex.org/W2058580210","https://openalex.org/W2064677267","https://openalex.org/W2071792242","https://openalex.org/W2085656078","https://openalex.org/W2092239677","https://openalex.org/W2092839599","https://openalex.org/W2120704737","https://openalex.org/W2121811750","https://openalex.org/W2137591954","https://openalex.org/W2138432297","https://openalex.org/W2140036936","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2165365113","https://openalex.org/W2167759247","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W2477771201","https://openalex.org/W2727220479","https://openalex.org/W2732032092","https://openalex.org/W2746128040","https://openalex.org/W2748071319","https://openalex.org/W2885271276","https://openalex.org/W2912010641","https://openalex.org/W2914540149","https://openalex.org/W3000395122","https://openalex.org/W3007422522","https://openalex.org/W3011789882","https://openalex.org/W3028280248","https://openalex.org/W3086917698","https://openalex.org/W3135598634","https://openalex.org/W3162661524","https://openalex.org/W3206547215","https://openalex.org/W4200104450","https://openalex.org/W4210354390","https://openalex.org/W4214843451","https://openalex.org/W4251628379","https://openalex.org/W4323033893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353358273","https://openalex.org/W2988392541","https://openalex.org/W2054109135","https://openalex.org/W2581115882","https://openalex.org/W2349351862","https://openalex.org/W4242687015","https://openalex.org/W2790684390","https://openalex.org/W2369494673","https://openalex.org/W2368996087","https://openalex.org/W2049626207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1],"context.":[2],"\u201cExplain":[3],"in":[4],"Plain":[5],"English\u201d":[6],"(EiPE)":[7],"questions":[8],"ask":[9],"students":[10],"to":[11,20,37,50],"explain":[12],"the":[13,22,25],"high-level":[14],"purpose":[15],"of":[16,24],"code,":[17,39],"requiring":[18],"them":[19],"understand":[21],"macrostructure":[23],"program\u2019s":[26],"intent.":[27],"A":[28],"lot":[29],"is":[30,42],"known":[31,43],"about":[32,44],"techniques":[33],"that":[34],"experts":[35],"use":[36],"comprehend":[38],"but":[40],"less":[41],"how":[45],"we":[46],"should":[47],"teach":[48],"novices":[49],"develop":[51],"this":[52],"capability.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
