{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306873598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568681","title":"Pre-trained Language Model-based Retrieval and Ranking for Web Search","display_name":"Pre-trained Language Model-based Retrieval and Ranking for Web Search","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306873598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089307887","display_name":"Lixin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-871X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-871X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011022031","display_name":"Weixue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0761-3419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixue Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0761-3419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101677601","display_name":"Yiding Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-261X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiding Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-261X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062665223","display_name":"Hengyi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengyi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025911407","display_name":"Xiaokai Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-2005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokai Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-2005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073156713","display_name":"Dehong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-5356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dehong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-5356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008762356","display_name":"Daiting Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-3357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiting Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-3357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101870256","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5430-5534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004991630","display_name":"Zhicong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhicong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-4581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086564536","display_name":"Simiu Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simiu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-4540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050255638","display_name":"Shuaiqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-1947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-1947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054482111","display_name":"Dawei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-2001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-2001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8962124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8670419454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6687260270118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.662814736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5999636054039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5474203824996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.5371466875076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.49569618701934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.43958336114883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.42763200402259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37403303384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3075893521308899}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8670419454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6687260270118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.662814736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5999636054039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5474203824996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.5371466875076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.49569618701934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.43958336114883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.42763200402259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37403303384780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3075893521308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131231701","display_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","issn_l":"1559-1131","issn":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on the Web","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545142063","https://openalex.org/W1722903425","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1966443646","https://openalex.org/W1982530130","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2007563768","https://openalex.org/W2034365297","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2086179657","https://openalex.org/W2099213975","https://openalex.org/W2108862644","https://openalex.org/W2115584760","https://openalex.org/W2120391124","https://openalex.org/W2131876387","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2139688392","https://openalex.org/W2142614841","https://openalex.org/W2142920810","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2167432060","https://openalex.org/W2186845332","https://openalex.org/W2265289447","https://openalex.org/W2513853793","https://openalex.org/W2536015822","https://openalex.org/W2539671052","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2602633191","https://openalex.org/W2648699835","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2809624076","https://openalex.org/W2890881127","https://openalex.org/W2894176037","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2938830017","https://openalex.org/W2947497897","https://openalex.org/W2950813464","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963469388","https://openalex.org/W2963842088","https://openalex.org/W2964007535","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2969574947","https://openalex.org/W2970119519","https://openalex.org/W2970597249","https://openalex.org/W2973379954","https://openalex.org/W2975059944","https://openalex.org/W2982596739","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W2996959725","https://openalex.org/W3000086424","https://openalex.org/W3001665736","https://openalex.org/W3008650695","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W3015609966","https://openalex.org/W3017961061","https://openalex.org/W3021282678","https://openalex.org/W3021397474","https://openalex.org/W3023419341","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3033529678","https://openalex.org/W3034138955","https://openalex.org/W3034969702","https://openalex.org/W3035204084","https://openalex.org/W3036320503","https://openalex.org/W3038117087","https://openalex.org/W3038572442","https://openalex.org/W3040127368","https://openalex.org/W3047763836","https://openalex.org/W3049342604","https://openalex.org/W3080768030","https://openalex.org/W3092103025","https://openalex.org/W3092115807","https://openalex.org/W3093601757","https://openalex.org/W3094242471","https://openalex.org/W3094336525","https://openalex.org/W3094444847","https://openalex.org/W3098468692","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3101244625","https://openalex.org/W3103978933","https://openalex.org/W3104330316","https://openalex.org/W3104417388","https://openalex.org/W3105787366","https://openalex.org/W3115195983","https://openalex.org/W3118668786","https://openalex.org/W3118831779","https://openalex.org/W3123123873","https://openalex.org/W3137305332","https://openalex.org/W3147292006","https://openalex.org/W3153055969","https://openalex.org/W3153682915","https://openalex.org/W3157758108","https://openalex.org/W3170841641","https://openalex.org/W3172750682","https://openalex.org/W3208821253","https://openalex.org/W4205807230","https://openalex.org/W4206070039","https://openalex.org/W4206827264","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4226150639","https://openalex.org/W4252222626","https://openalex.org/W4284689311","https://openalex.org/W4287667694","https://openalex.org/W4287692509","https://openalex.org/W4287812619","https://openalex.org/W4288342744","https://openalex.org/W4292217701","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4295838474","https://openalex.org/W4300427681","https://openalex.org/W4302617179","https://openalex.org/W4309793872","https://openalex.org/W4310228395","https://openalex.org/W4321485563","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6758015726","https://openalex.org/W6758860047","https://openalex.org/W6769185743","https://openalex.org/W6771626834","https://openalex.org/W6775706467","https://openalex.org/W6776048684","https://openalex.org/W6779163297","https://openalex.org/W6780163352","https://openalex.org/W6783267081","https://openalex.org/W6783944145","https://openalex.org/W6784144145","https://openalex.org/W6840865813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W4282568653","https://openalex.org/W2119380317","https://openalex.org/W2070155952","https://openalex.org/W2082868123","https://openalex.org/W3204607391","https://openalex.org/W2964413124","https://openalex.org/W4388937922","https://openalex.org/W3113264705","https://openalex.org/W4379381520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pre-trained":[0],"language":[1,166],"representation":[2],"models":[3,37,249],"(PLMs)":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6],"BERT":[7],"and":[8,87,107,110,132,192,195,211,224,230,260,286],"Enhanced":[9],"Representation":[10],"through":[11],"kNowledge":[12],"IntEgration":[13],"(ERNIE)":[14],"have":[15],"been":[16],"integral":[17],"to":[18,33,44,112,126,139,181,214,243,271],"achieving":[19,272],"recent":[20],"improvements":[21],"on":[22,117],"various":[23],"downstream":[24],"tasks,":[25],"including":[26],"information":[27],"retrieval.":[28],"However,":[29],"it":[30,120],"is":[31,98],"nontrivial":[32],"directly":[34],"utilize":[35],"these":[36,154],"for":[38,59,102,123],"the":[39,45,50,63,70,80,88,104,129,162,171,217,227,246],"large-scale":[40,228],"web":[41,64,71,197],"search":[42,72,173,275],"due":[43],"following":[46],"challenging":[47],"issues:":[48],"(1)":[49],"prohibitively":[51],"expensive":[52],"computations":[53],"of":[54,148,240,283],"massive":[55],"neural":[56],"PLMs,":[57],"especially":[58],"long":[60],"texts":[61],"in":[62,69,152,157,170,221],"document,":[65],"prohibit":[66],"their":[67],"deployments":[68],"system":[73,138],"that":[74,93,265],"demands":[75],"extremely":[76],"low":[77],"latency;":[78],"(2)":[79],"discrepancy":[81],"between":[82],"existing":[83],"task-agnostic":[84],"pre-training":[85,210],"objectives":[86],"ad":[89],"hoc":[90],"retrieval":[91,106,186,223],"scenarios":[92],"demand":[94],"comprehensive":[95],"relevance":[96,219],"modeling":[97,220],"another":[99],"main":[100],"barrier":[101],"improving":[103],"online":[105,172,261],"ranking":[108,225],"effectiveness;":[109],"(3)":[111],"create":[113],"a":[114,136,146,188,200,238,255,280],"significant":[115],"impact":[116],"real-world":[118],"applications,":[119],"also":[121,236,278],"calls":[122],"practical":[124],"solutions":[125],"seamlessly":[127,244],"interweave":[128],"resultant":[130],"PLM":[131],"other":[133,251],"components":[134,253],"into":[135,254],"cooperative":[137,256],"serve":[140],"web-scale":[141],"data.":[142,234],"Accordingly,":[143],"we":[144],"contribute":[145],"series":[147,239],"successfully":[149],"applied":[150],"techniques":[151,268],"tackling":[153],"exposed":[155],"issues":[156],"this":[158],"work":[159],"when":[160],"deploying":[161],"state-of-the-art":[163],"Chinese":[164],"pre-trained":[165],"model,":[167],"i.e.,":[168],"ERNIE,":[169],"engine":[174],"system.":[175,257],"We":[176,206,235,277],"first":[177],"present":[178],"novel":[179],"practices":[180],"perform":[182],"expressive":[183],"PLM-based":[184,222,248],"semantic":[185],"with":[187,199,226,250],"flexible":[189],"poly-interaction":[190],"scheme":[191],"cost-efficiently":[193],"contextualize":[194],"rank":[196],"documents":[198],"cheap":[201],"yet":[202],"powerful":[203],"Pyramid-ERNIE":[204],"architecture.":[205],"then":[207],"endow":[208],"innovative":[209],"fine-tuning":[212],"paradigms":[213],"explicitly":[215],"incentivize":[216],"query-document":[218],"noisy":[229],"biased":[231],"post-click":[232],"behavioral":[233],"introduce":[237],"effective":[241,274],"strategies":[242],"interwoven":[245],"designed":[247],"conventional":[252],"Extensive":[258],"offline":[259],"experimental":[262,287],"results":[263],"show":[264],"our":[266,284],"proposed":[267],"are":[269],"crucial":[270],"more":[273],"performance.":[276],"provide":[279],"thorough":[281],"analysis":[282],"methodology":[285],"results.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}