{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323870219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957","title":"Design Specifications for a Social Robot Math Tutor","display_name":"Design Specifications for a Social Robot Math Tutor","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323870219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568162.3576957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3568162.3576957","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3568162.3576957","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042001622","display_name":"Mike E.U. Ligthart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike E.U. Ligthart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0768-9977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005454728","display_name":"Simone M. de Droog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone M. de Droog","raw_affiliation_strings":["HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-7143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053294359","display_name":"Marianne Bossema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-0552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Bossema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-0552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034160486","display_name":"Lamia Elloumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-6377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamia Elloumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-6377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088150273","display_name":"Kees Hoogland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-6999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kees Hoogland","raw_affiliation_strings":["HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-6999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040782869","display_name":"Matthijs Smakman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-0269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173063890","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/028z9kw20","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthijs H.J. Smakman","raw_affiliation_strings":["HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-0269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173063890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071518251","display_name":"Koen V. Hindriks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen V. Hindriks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-5236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057289735","display_name":"Somaya Ben Allouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-4016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55106644","display_name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00y2z2s03","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somaya Ben Allouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-4016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55106644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96428875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"321","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.8427679538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.7451572418212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.741477370262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.679671585559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6659504771232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.6136202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5375297665596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5341678261756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-learning","display_name":"Robot learning","score":0.41835296154022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31620943546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.26802682876586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24461227655410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-control","display_name":"Robot control","score":0.1966668665409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15030616521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11163762211799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1107487678527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10882416367530823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.8427679538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.7451572418212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.741477370262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.679671585559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6659504771232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.6136202812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5375297665596008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5341678261756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.41835296154022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31620943546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.26802682876586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24461227655410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.1966668665409088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15030616521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11163762211799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1107487678527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10882416367530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568162.3576957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3568162.3576957","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:hbo:oai:hbokennisbank.nl:sharekit_hu:oai:surfsharekit.nl:7b6af6e8-39f2-475c-8dea-ab49b13daff5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surfsharekit.nl/public/7b6af6e8-39f2-475c-8dea-ab49b13daff5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HRI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 321 - 330","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceobject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/064fb399-834a-41fc-85a5-959766c8615e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/064fb399-834a-41fc-85a5-959766c8615e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ligthart, M E U, De Droog, S M, Bossema, M, Elloumi, L, Hoogland, K, Smakman, M H J, Hindriks, K V & Allouch, S B 2023, Design specifications for a social robot math tutor. in HRI 2023 : Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 321-330, 18th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, HRI 2023, Stockholm, Sweden, 13/03/23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/064fb399-834a-41fc-85a5-959766c8615e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/064fb399-834a-41fc-85a5-959766c8615e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HRI 2023: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 321 - 330","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568162.3576957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568162.3576957","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3568162.3576957","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323870219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323870219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593560526","https://openalex.org/W611330030","https://openalex.org/W778322666","https://openalex.org/W1489963381","https://openalex.org/W1630835083","https://openalex.org/W1965002790","https://openalex.org/W1966861245","https://openalex.org/W1981451349","https://openalex.org/W1996849880","https://openalex.org/W1999262850","https://openalex.org/W2008542123","https://openalex.org/W2012934300","https://openalex.org/W2027395122","https://openalex.org/W2030490130","https://openalex.org/W2032545722","https://openalex.org/W2039014427","https://openalex.org/W2052497125","https://openalex.org/W2057960049","https://openalex.org/W2060880492","https://openalex.org/W2067142841","https://openalex.org/W2095181938","https://openalex.org/W2129162329","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2136007347","https://openalex.org/W2137789046","https://openalex.org/W2152973069","https://openalex.org/W2171467937","https://openalex.org/W2176759570","https://openalex.org/W2718583031","https://openalex.org/W2784499415","https://openalex.org/W2887260263","https://openalex.org/W2928641283","https://openalex.org/W2933669591","https://openalex.org/W2954175575","https://openalex.org/W2988906799","https://openalex.org/W2990141008","https://openalex.org/W3002472917","https://openalex.org/W3011496448","https://openalex.org/W3041437411","https://openalex.org/W3099183241","https://openalex.org/W3120849317","https://openalex.org/W3121604639","https://openalex.org/W3135731470","https://openalex.org/W4200034323","https://openalex.org/W4299800701","https://openalex.org/W4312665838","https://openalex.org/W4411147025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918544916","https://openalex.org/W2909564046","https://openalex.org/W2968890345","https://openalex.org/W1967633522","https://openalex.org/W2493438666","https://openalex.org/W1991204540","https://openalex.org/W2724299411","https://openalex.org/W2134294860","https://openalex.org/W2466469359","https://openalex.org/W2060880492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"benefit":[1],"from":[2],"the":[3,23,27,55,62,83,88,98],"social":[4,29,51],"capabilities":[5],"of":[6,12,39],"a":[7,17,46,50,65,93],"robot":[8,52,56,84,89],"math":[9,24,44,79],"tutor,":[10],"instead":[11],"being":[13],"distracted":[14],"by":[15],"them,":[16],"novel":[18],"approach":[19],"is":[20],"needed":[21],"where":[22],"task":[25],"and":[26,53],"robot's":[28],"behaviors":[30],"are":[31],"better":[32,77],"intertwined.":[33],"We":[34,60],"present":[35],"concrete":[36],"design":[37],"specifications":[38],"how":[40,54],"children":[41],"can":[42,57],"practice":[43],"via":[45],"personal":[47],"conversation":[48],"with":[49,64],"scaffold":[58],"instructions.":[59,86],"evaluated":[61],"designs":[63],"three-session":[66],"experimental":[67],"user":[68],"study":[69],"(n":[70],"=":[71],"130,":[72],"8-11":[73],"y.o.).":[74],"Participants":[75],"got":[76],"at":[78],"over":[80],"time":[81],"when":[82,95],"scaffolded":[85],"Furthermore,":[87],"felt":[90],"more":[91],"as":[92],"friend":[94],"it":[96],"personalized":[97],"conversation.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
