{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304605728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568113.3568117","title":"The Future of Clean Computing May Be Dirty","display_name":"The Future of Clean Computing May Be Dirty","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304605728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568113.3568117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568113.3568117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568113.3568117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227886","display_name":"GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications","issn_l":"2375-0529","issn":["2375-0529","2375-0537"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41k7262x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053637239","display_name":"Colleen Josephson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colleen Josephson","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033805584","display_name":"Weitao Shuai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001333820","display_name":"Gabriel Marcano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Marcano","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072986653","display_name":"Pat Pannuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-6267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pat Pannuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026852792","display_name":"Josiah Hester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiah Hester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103230221","display_name":"George Wells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-1628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053637239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55689851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"9","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11231","display_name":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11231","display_name":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-fuel-cell","display_name":"Microbial fuel cell","score":0.6971731781959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6077795624732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.557809054851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5060860514640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-source","display_name":"Energy source","score":0.48308828473091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4642444849014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4181591868400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.3546360433101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3303943872451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3073805570602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.29214781522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.28413721919059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25805458426475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.2203962206840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09247317910194397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165337572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902723","display_name":"Microbial fuel cell","level":4,"score":0.6971731781959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6077795624732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.557809054851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5060860514640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.48308828473091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4642444849014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4181591868400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.3546360433101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3303943872451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3073805570602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.29214781522750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28413721919059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25805458426475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2203962206840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09247317910194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3568113.3568117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3568113.3568117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227886","display_name":"GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications","issn_l":"2375-0529","issn":["2375-0529","2375-0537"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41k7262x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41k7262x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications, vol 26, iss 3","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt41k7262x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41k7262x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GetMobile Mobile Computing and Communications, vol 26, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039241535","https://openalex.org/W2050677213","https://openalex.org/W2062965233","https://openalex.org/W2084379061","https://openalex.org/W2532219209","https://openalex.org/W2559938913","https://openalex.org/W2743524224","https://openalex.org/W2761242776","https://openalex.org/W2768508481","https://openalex.org/W2788807219","https://openalex.org/W2788956358","https://openalex.org/W2793307717","https://openalex.org/W2803771745","https://openalex.org/W2808332835","https://openalex.org/W2919961171","https://openalex.org/W3098048035","https://openalex.org/W3098735113","https://openalex.org/W3197653106","https://openalex.org/W3202740535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781706410","https://openalex.org/W4210750859","https://openalex.org/W2759183607","https://openalex.org/W2071694349","https://openalex.org/W3153582456","https://openalex.org/W3090842639","https://openalex.org/W2806215647","https://openalex.org/W2023765348","https://openalex.org/W2963725544","https://openalex.org/W2941471833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,5,15,34,56,81,96,138],"the":[3,32,79,134,177],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"and":[7,89,101,114,136,166],"pervasive":[8],"sensor":[9],"networks":[10],"have":[11,92,119],"generated":[12],"a":[13,94,107],"surge":[14],"research":[16,97],"in":[17,68,86,98,111,153],"energy":[18,30,140,178],"scavenging":[19],"techniques.":[20],"We":[21],"know":[22],"well":[23],"that":[24,37,77,83,149],"harvesting":[25],"RF,":[26],"solar,":[27],"or":[28,45,63,126],"kinetic":[29],"enables":[31],"creation":[33],"battery-free":[35],"devices":[36],"can":[38],"be":[39,172],"used":[40],"where":[41],"frequent":[42],"battery":[43],"changes":[44],"dedicated":[46],"power":[47,57],"lines":[48],"are":[49,74,106,170],"impractical.":[50],"One":[51],"unusual":[52],"yet":[53],"ubiquitous":[54],"source":[55],"is":[58,130],"soil":[59],"(earth":[60],"itself)":[61],"-":[62],"more":[64],"accurately,":[65],"bacterial":[66],"communities":[67],"soil.":[69],"Microbial":[70],"fuel":[71],"cells":[72,76],"(MFCs)":[73],"electrochemical":[75],"harness":[78],"activities":[80],"microbes":[82],"naturally":[84],"occur":[85],"soil,":[87],"wetlands,":[88],"wastewater.":[90],"MFCs":[91],"been":[93],"topic":[95,110],"environmental":[99],"engineering":[100],"microbiology":[102],"for":[103,122,151,168],"decades,":[104],"but":[105],"relatively":[108],"new":[109],"electronics":[112,118],"design":[113],"research.":[115],"Most":[116],"low-power":[117],"traditionally":[120],"opted":[121],"batteries,":[123],"RF":[124],"energy,":[125],"solar":[127],"cells.":[128],"This":[129],"changing,":[131],"however,":[132],"as":[133],"limitations":[135],"costs":[137],"these":[139],"sources":[141],"hamper":[142],"our":[143],"ability":[144],"to":[145,171],"deploy":[146],"useful":[147],"systems":[148],"last":[150],"decades":[152],"challenging":[154],"environments.":[155],"If":[156],"large-scale,":[157],"long-term":[158],"applications":[159],"like":[160],"underground":[161],"infrastructure":[162],"monitoring,":[163],"smart":[164],"farming,":[165],"sensing":[167],"conservation":[169],"possible,":[173],"we":[174],"must":[175],"rethink":[176],"source.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
