{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318686603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567875","title":"A Low-Bitwidth Integer-STBP Algorithm for Efficient Training and Inference of Spiking Neural Networks","display_name":"A Low-Bitwidth Integer-STBP Algorithm for Efficient Training and Inference of Spiking Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318686603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566097.3567875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608968","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001053719","display_name":"Pai-Yu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-888X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pai-Yu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075548524","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001053719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92431193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"651","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7593174576759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.7281010150909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6949924230575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.658798098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6130417585372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5506604313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5413846969604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.509306788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.49440598487854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43361207842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36348825693130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11130180954933167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7593174576759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.7281010150909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6949924230575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.658798098564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6130417585372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5506604313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5413846969604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.509306788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49440598487854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43361207842826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36348825693130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11130180954933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566097.3567875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608968","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314470091","https://openalex.org/W2621826044","https://openalex.org/W2775079417","https://openalex.org/W2779025322","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2892077605","https://openalex.org/W2906048113","https://openalex.org/W2947957795","https://openalex.org/W3092176129","https://openalex.org/W3185114446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W3136467750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1,24],"networks":[2,25],"(SNNs)":[3],"that":[4,65,109],"enable":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"neuromorphic":[7],"hardware":[8],"are":[9,36,143],"receiving":[10],"growing":[11],"attention.":[12],"Training":[13],"SNNs":[14],"directly":[15],"with":[16],"back-propagation":[17],"has":[18],"demonstrated":[19],"accuracy":[20,116],"comparable":[21,115],"to":[22,51,71,136],"deep":[23],"(DNNs).":[26],"However,":[27],"previous":[28],"direct-training":[29,78],"algorithms":[30],"require":[31,47],"high-precision":[32,44,68],"floating-point":[33,69,124],"operations,":[34],"which":[35,100,142],"not":[37],"suitable":[38],"for":[39,75,95],"low-power":[40,133],"end-point":[41,134],"devices.":[42],"The":[43,86],"operations":[45,70,74],"also":[46],"the":[48,67,81,103,110,122],"learning":[49,138],"algorithm":[50,90,113],"run":[52],"on":[53,132],"high-performance":[54],"accelerator":[55],"hardware.":[56,148],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"an":[62,76],"improved":[63],"approach":[64],"converts":[66],"low-bitwidth":[72,88],"integer":[73,93],"existing":[77],"algorithm,":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"Spatio-Temporal":[82],"Back-Propagation":[83],"(STBP)":[84],"algorithm.":[85,126],"proposed":[87,111],"Integer-STBP":[89],"requires":[91],"only":[92],"arithmetic":[94],"SNN":[96],"training":[97],"and":[98,117],"inference,":[99,141],"greatly":[101],"reduces":[102],"computational":[104],"complexity.":[105],"Experimental":[106],"results":[107],"show":[108],"STBP":[112,125],"achieves":[114],"higher":[118],"energy":[119],"efficiency":[120],"than":[121],"original":[123],"Moreover,":[127],"it":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"implemented":[131],"devices":[135],"provide":[137],"capability":[139],"during":[140],"mostly":[144],"supported":[145],"by":[146],"fixed-point":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}