{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318686003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567855","title":"Discovering the in-Memory Kernels of 3D Dot-Product Engines","display_name":"Discovering the in-Memory Kernels of 3D Dot-Product Engines","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318686003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566097.3567855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608968","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013959644","display_name":"Muhammad Rashedul Haq Rashed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-695X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rashedul Haq Rashed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075978538","display_name":"Sumit Kumar Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Kumar Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at San Antonio"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at San Antonio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014892277","display_name":"Rickard Ewetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rickard Ewetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013959644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09184845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"240","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11128","display_name":"Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8867751359939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.8401079177856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6864059567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6144909262657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5905543565750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.5403864979743958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4499850273132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.42715543508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-product","display_name":"Dot product","score":0.4103129506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21914801001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16856244206428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14131876826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.137508362531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11883440613746643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8867751359939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.8401079177856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6864059567451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6144909262657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5905543565750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.5403864979743958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4499850273132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.42715543508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32900221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181365","display_name":"Dot product","level":2,"score":0.4103129506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21914801001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16856244206428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14131876826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.137508362531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11883440613746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566097.3567855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3567855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608968","display_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6127200833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1908471, 2008339, 2113307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578783943","https://openalex.org/W2013028205","https://openalex.org/W2047356827","https://openalex.org/W2172307690","https://openalex.org/W2399958287","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2587921983","https://openalex.org/W2611970761","https://openalex.org/W2772681688","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2785527690","https://openalex.org/W2791598392","https://openalex.org/W2883084140","https://openalex.org/W2907909057","https://openalex.org/W2946429553","https://openalex.org/W2949989598","https://openalex.org/W3015724253","https://openalex.org/W3185748163","https://openalex.org/W4233225156","https://openalex.org/W6659374036","https://openalex.org/W7029321148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005999147","https://openalex.org/W3164474614","https://openalex.org/W2171130799","https://openalex.org/W2005875039","https://openalex.org/W3173413269","https://openalex.org/W2015477599","https://openalex.org/W2548135880","https://openalex.org/W2144085790","https://openalex.org/W3177379469","https://openalex.org/W3176428941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,157],"capability":[1],"of":[2,18,25,41,53],"resistive":[3],"random":[4],"access":[5],"memory":[6],"(ReRAM)":[7],"to":[8,63,71,129,144,152],"implement":[9],"multiply-and-accumulate":[10],"operations":[11],"promises":[12],"unprecedented":[13],"efficiency":[14],"in":[15,34],"the":[16,23,35,39,95,125,130,135,153,166,174],"design":[17,40,141],"scientific":[19,149],"computing":[20,150],"applications.":[21],"While":[22],"use":[24],"two-dimensional":[26],"(2D)":[27],"ReRAM":[28,48,66,84,105],"crossbar":[29,74,90,109],"has":[30],"been":[31],"well":[32],"investigated":[33],"last":[36],"few":[37],"years,":[38],"in-memory":[42,96],"dot-product":[43],"engines":[44],"using":[45,103,162,177],"three-dimensional":[46],"(3D)":[47],"crossbars":[49,67,179],"remains":[50],"a":[51,140],"topic":[52],"active":[54],"investigations.":[55],"In":[56,76],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"holistically":[60],"explore":[61],"how":[62],"leverage":[64],"3D":[65,83,104,136,155,178],"with":[68,85,106,115,171,185],"several":[69],"(2":[70],"7)":[72],"stacked":[73,89,108],"layers.":[75,91,110],"contrast,":[77],"previous":[78],"studies":[79],"have":[80],"focused":[81],"on":[82],"at":[86],"most":[87],"2":[88],"We":[92,111,138],"first":[93],"discover":[94,112],"compute":[97],"kernels":[98],"that":[99,113],"can":[100,119],"be":[101,120],"realized":[102,121],"multiple":[107],"matrices":[114,147],"different":[116],"sparsity":[117],"patterns":[118],"by":[122],"appropriately":[123],"assigning":[124],"inputs":[126],"and":[127,183],"outputs":[128],"perpendicular":[131],"metal":[132],"wires":[133],"within":[134,148],"stack.":[137],"present":[139],"automation":[142],"tool":[143],"map":[145],"sparse":[146],"applications":[151,164],"discovered":[154],"kernels.":[156],"proposed":[158,175],"framework":[159],"is":[160],"evaluated":[161],"20":[163],"from":[165],"SuitSparse":[167],"Matrix":[168],"Collection.":[169],"Compared":[170],"2D":[172],"crossbars,":[173],"approach":[176],"improves":[180],"area,":[181],"energy,":[182],"latency":[184],"2.02X,":[186],"2.37X,":[187],"2.45X,":[188],"respectively.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}