{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306179313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566049","title":"OptORAMa: Optimal Oblivious RAM","display_name":"OptORAMa: Optimal Oblivious RAM","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306179313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042677137","display_name":"Gilad Asharov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13955877","display_name":"Bar-Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kgsv495","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gilad Asharov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032483797","display_name":"Ilan Komargodski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-2112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilan Komargodski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebrew University and NTT Research, Jerusalem, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebrew University and NTT Research, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082730591","display_name":"Wei-Kai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Kai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040861793","display_name":"Kartik Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-263X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kartik Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023594436","display_name":"Enoch Peserico","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enoch Peserico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, Padova (PD), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, Padova (PD), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089202539","display_name":"Elaine Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5605-1048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042677137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13955877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92135386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amortized-analysis","display_name":"Amortized analysis","score":0.7188606262207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5873468518257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.5530913472175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5313383340835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.4588312804698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4508036971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4405202865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-parameter","display_name":"Security parameter","score":0.4340932071208954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.3686462938785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2589978575706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2432686686515808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142417499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331716","display_name":"Amortized analysis","level":3,"score":0.7188606262207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5873468518257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5530913472175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5313383340835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4588312804698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4508036971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4405202865600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776711565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445058","display_name":"Security parameter","level":3,"score":0.4340932071208954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.3686462938785553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2589978575706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2432686686515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3566049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3566049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3471137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3471137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7361187543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1774/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1520270249","https://openalex.org/W1531359958","https://openalex.org/W1531368347","https://openalex.org/W1565007622","https://openalex.org/W1684309424","https://openalex.org/W1704895987","https://openalex.org/W1983715282","https://openalex.org/W1988374166","https://openalex.org/W1995227741","https://openalex.org/W1997859100","https://openalex.org/W2000461888","https://openalex.org/W2005756274","https://openalex.org/W2013623332","https://openalex.org/W2014465787","https://openalex.org/W2015880590","https://openalex.org/W2016924854","https://openalex.org/W2018566183","https://openalex.org/W2047997354","https://openalex.org/W2048228667","https://openalex.org/W2048958388","https://openalex.org/W2051576234","https://openalex.org/W2067768229","https://openalex.org/W2076458424","https://openalex.org/W2117241830","https://openalex.org/W2120202298","https://openalex.org/W2123139266","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2143020967","https://openalex.org/W2155720185","https://openalex.org/W2160222995","https://openalex.org/W2166247408","https://openalex.org/W2167592280","https://openalex.org/W2170993700","https://openalex.org/W2284102689","https://openalex.org/W2293128137","https://openalex.org/W2296585978","https://openalex.org/W2510843581","https://openalex.org/W2590516084","https://openalex.org/W2610637368","https://openalex.org/W2766170121","https://openalex.org/W2769094878","https://openalex.org/W2776790103","https://openalex.org/W2805139627","https://openalex.org/W2809996417","https://openalex.org/W2902751186","https://openalex.org/W2912601938","https://openalex.org/W2949162350","https://openalex.org/W2964250714","https://openalex.org/W3013772464","https://openalex.org/W3029037520","https://openalex.org/W3080504001","https://openalex.org/W4235082445","https://openalex.org/W4298227433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W8290509","https://openalex.org/W2184537587","https://openalex.org/W2065411828","https://openalex.org/W3092127654","https://openalex.org/W1482484961","https://openalex.org/W4246145339","https://openalex.org/W4367665025","https://openalex.org/W2076407808","https://openalex.org/W2006811735","https://openalex.org/W2018777660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oblivious":[0],"RAM":[1],"(ORAM),":[2],"first":[3,151],"introduced":[4],"in":[5,60,77,88,233,243],"the":[6,30,37,68,71,122,150,173,231,234,244,247,256],"ground-breaking":[7],"work":[8,83,176],"of":[9,70,138,177,202,206,221,246],"Goldreich":[10,78],"and":[11,15,79,87,97,101,133,148,169],"Ostrovsky":[12],"(STOC":[13],"\u201987":[14],"J.":[16],"ACM":[17],"\u201996)":[18],"is":[19,51,63,67,112,166,209,266],"a":[20,43,89,135,185,210],"technique":[21],"for":[22,84,105,215],"provably":[23],"obfuscating":[24],"programs\u2019":[25,38],"access":[26,31],"patterns,":[27],"such":[28],"that":[29,53,120,237],"patterns":[32],"leak":[33],"no":[34],"information":[35],"about":[36],"secret":[39],"inputs.":[40],"To":[41],"compile":[42],"general":[44],"program":[45],"to":[46],"an":[47,116,219],"oblivious":[48,213],"counterpart,":[49],"it":[50],"well-known":[52],"\u03a9":[54],"(log":[55,156,189],"N":[56,66,157,190,194],")":[57,158,195,253,273],"amortized":[58,159,196],"blowup":[59],"memory":[61,130],"accesses":[62],"necessary,":[64],"where":[65,224],"size":[69],"logical":[72],"memory.":[73],"This":[74],"was":[75],"shown":[76],"Ostrovksy\u2019s":[80],"original":[81],"ORAM":[82,118,153],"statistical":[85],"security":[86],"somewhat":[90],"restricted":[91],"model":[92],"(the":[93],"so-called":[94],"balls-and-bins":[95],"model),":[96],"recently":[98],"by":[99,168],"Larsen":[100],"Nielsen":[102],"(CRYPTO":[103],"\u201918)":[104,182],"computational":[106],"security.":[107],"A":[108],"long-standing":[109],"open":[110],"question":[111],"whether":[113],"there":[114],"exists":[115],"optimal":[117],"construction":[119,186],"matches":[121],"aforementioned":[123],"logarithmic":[124],"lower":[125],"bounds":[126],"(without":[127],"making":[128],"large":[129],"word":[131],"assumptions,":[132],"assuming":[134,161,198],"constant":[136],"number":[137],"CPU":[139],"registers).":[140],"In":[141],"this":[142,146],"article,":[143],"we":[144,229],"resolve":[145],"problem":[147],"present":[149],"secure":[152],"with":[154,187],"O":[155,188,250,267,275],"blowup,":[160,197],"one-way":[162,199],"functions.":[163,200],"Our":[164,249],"result":[165],"inspired":[167],"non-trivially":[170],"improves":[171,255],"on":[172],"recent":[174],"beautiful":[175],"Patel":[178],"et":[179],"al.":[180],"(FOCS":[181],"who":[183],"gave":[184],"\u22c5":[191,270,278],"log":[192,193,271,279,280],"One":[201],"our":[203],"building":[204],"blocks":[205],"independent":[207],"interest":[208],"linear-time":[211],"deterministic":[212,259],"algorithm":[214,254],"tight":[216],"compaction:":[217],"Given":[218],"array":[220,235],"n":[222,252,269,272,277,281],"elements":[223,226,232,240],"some":[225],"are":[227],"marked,":[228],"permute":[230],"so":[236],"all":[238],"marked":[239],"end":[241],"up":[242],"front":[245],"array.":[248],"(":[251,268,276],"previously":[257],"best-known":[258],"or":[260,274],"randomized":[261],"algorithms":[262],"whose":[263],"running":[264],"time":[265],"),":[282],"respectively.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
