{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4303427394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3565572","title":"On the Effectiveness of Images in Multi-modal Text Classification: An Annotation Study","display_name":"On the Effectiveness of Images in Multi-modal Text Classification: An Annotation Study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4303427394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3565572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3565572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3565572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101805835","display_name":"Chunpeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-739X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037176850","display_name":"Aili Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-3465"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aili Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-3465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056006362","display_name":"Hiyori Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiyori Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-6960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050899086","display_name":"Tomoya Iwakura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-4911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoya Iwakura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-4911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579884","display_name":"Daniel Beck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-7792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-7792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103085805","display_name":"Timothy Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-1386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE","AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne, Australia and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-1386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne, Australia and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480","https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101805835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09380131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7879829406738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7699342370033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.6481330394744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6257001161575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6123656034469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5592550039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49433279037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.43765661120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41914102435112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.346721887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33159199357032776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7879829406738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7699342370033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.6481330394744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6257001161575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6123656034469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5592550039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49433279037475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.43765661120414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41914102435112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.346721887588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33159199357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3565572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3565572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421405","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","issn_l":"2375-4699","issn":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2184957013","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2560730294","https://openalex.org/W2745461083","https://openalex.org/W2886641317","https://openalex.org/W2963115613","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963360627","https://openalex.org/W2963909453","https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W2970442950","https://openalex.org/W2998385486","https://openalex.org/W3044942587","https://openalex.org/W3090449556","https://openalex.org/W3154812463","https://openalex.org/W3207396986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584532118","https://openalex.org/W2364562957","https://openalex.org/W38394648","https://openalex.org/W1552479896","https://openalex.org/W2999699891","https://openalex.org/W1503459176","https://openalex.org/W2615926662","https://openalex.org/W2509146328","https://openalex.org/W3214915308","https://openalex.org/W133358225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combining":[0],"different":[1],"input":[2],"modalities":[3],"beyond":[4],"text":[5,32,48,80,96,119],"is":[6],"a":[7,27,56,61],"key":[8],"challenge":[9],"for":[10,31,78,118],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing.":[13],"Previous":[14],"work":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"inconclusive":[18],"as":[19,26],"to":[20],"the":[21,74,91,111],"true":[22],"utility":[23],"of":[24,40,73,76,87,93],"images":[25,77,115],"supplementary":[28],"information":[29],"source":[30],"classification":[33,97],"tasks,":[34],"motivating":[35],"this":[36,52],"large-scale":[37],"human":[38,88,106],"study":[39],"labelling":[41],"performance":[42,89,92],"given":[43],"text-only,":[44],"images-only,":[45],"or":[46],"both":[47],"and":[49,90,107,110],"images.":[50],"To":[51],"end,":[53],"we":[54,99],"create":[55],"new":[57],"dataset":[58],"accompanied":[59],"with":[60,67],"novel":[62],"annotation":[63],"method\u2014Japanese":[64],"Entity":[65],"Labeling":[66],"Dynamic":[68],"Annotation\u2014to":[69],"deepen":[70],"our":[71],"understanding":[72],"effectiveness":[75],"multi-modal":[79,95],"classification.":[81,120],"By":[82],"performing":[83],"careful":[84],"comparative":[85],"analysis":[86],"state-of-the-art":[94],"models,":[98],"gain":[100],"valuable":[101],"insights":[102],"into":[103],"differences":[104],"between":[105],"model":[108],"performance,":[109],"conditions":[112],"under":[113],"which":[114],"are":[116],"beneficial":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
