{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311166016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567977","title":"Play the Imitation Game: Model Extraction Attack against Autonomous Driving Localization","display_name":"Play the Imitation Game: Model Extraction Attack against Autonomous Driving Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311166016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567977","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567977","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708489","display_name":"Qifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-9576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-9576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058159511","display_name":"Junjie Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7944-4445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022027609","display_name":"Mingtian Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingtian Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-9085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030073853","display_name":"Zhe Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452308","display_name":"Zhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063270515","display_name":"Qi Alfred Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-9285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Alfred Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-9285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758732","display_name":"Haipeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-2311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-2311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6747,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70847106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"56","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imitation","display_name":"Imitation","score":0.833285927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6040011644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5924941301345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.5760645866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.44407665729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.14194056391716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1214783787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08565428853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08197864890098572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.833285927772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6040011644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5924941301345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.5760645866394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.44407665729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14194056391716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1214783787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08565428853034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08197864890098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567977","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9dn9p7f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dn9p7f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"etd"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567977","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1699293025","display_name":"SaTC: TTP: Medium: Collaborative: Exposing and Mitigating Security/Safety Concerns of CAVs: A Holistic and Realistic Security Testing Platform for Emerging CAVs","funder_award_id":"1929771","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3026477609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3552047138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G35047678","display_name":"CAREER: Securing the AI Stack in Autonomous CPS under Physical-Layer Attacks: A Systems Perspective","funder_award_id":"2145493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8725033719","display_name":"EAGER: SaTC-EDU: Multi-Level Attack and Defense Simulation Environment for Artificial Intelligence Education and Research","funder_award_id":"2039634","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327675","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332688","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311166016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311166016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87635799","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1994470193","https://openalex.org/W2036887448","https://openalex.org/W2048312361","https://openalex.org/W2059168722","https://openalex.org/W2061872918","https://openalex.org/W2062085941","https://openalex.org/W2066030944","https://openalex.org/W2066952464","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2076554736","https://openalex.org/W2099005886","https://openalex.org/W2110090313","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2117011443","https://openalex.org/W2127752689","https://openalex.org/W2132622866","https://openalex.org/W2143030612","https://openalex.org/W2145834063","https://openalex.org/W2156064084","https://openalex.org/W2360239783","https://openalex.org/W2515303922","https://openalex.org/W2770866044","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2908808036","https://openalex.org/W2948273655","https://openalex.org/W2959364614","https://openalex.org/W2963844355","https://openalex.org/W2969695741","https://openalex.org/W2982081326","https://openalex.org/W2984260944","https://openalex.org/W3015176854","https://openalex.org/W3046411575","https://openalex.org/W3098881644","https://openalex.org/W3103406720","https://openalex.org/W3105134469","https://openalex.org/W3127531635","https://openalex.org/W3156877806","https://openalex.org/W3167551172","https://openalex.org/W4210616753","https://openalex.org/W4221165771","https://openalex.org/W4231367092","https://openalex.org/W6674615465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"security":[1],"of":[2,25],"the":[3],"Autonomous":[4],"Driving":[5],"(AD)":[6],"system":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"gaining":[10],"researchers\u2019":[11],"and":[12,44],"public\u2019s":[13],"attention":[14],"recently.":[15],"Given":[16],"that":[17],"AD":[18,30],"companies":[19],"have":[20],"invested":[21],"a":[22],"huge":[23],"amount":[24],"resources":[26],"in":[27],"developing":[28],"their":[29,38],"models,":[31,34,36],"e.g.,":[32],"localization":[33],"these":[35],"especially":[37],"parameters,":[39],"are":[40],"important":[41],"intellectual":[42],"property":[43],"deserve":[45],"strong":[46],"protection.":[47]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}