{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311166084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567969","title":"DRAGON: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Grid Operation and Attack Detection","display_name":"DRAGON: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Grid Operation and Attack Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311166084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567969","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567969","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567969","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053937867","display_name":"Matthew Landen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-1619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Landen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047329487","display_name":"Keywhan Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-8092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keywhan Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034721235","display_name":"Moses Ike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-5745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses Ike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063842440","display_name":"Sarah Mackay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-2648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Mackay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027375769","display_name":"Jean\u2010Paul Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Paul Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140382","display_name":"Wenke Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053937867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76711882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8291044235229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7730475664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.6798891425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6606298685073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.5746838450431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5120628476142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46129095554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4589032530784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4339636564254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43211862444877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.41632869839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3970467448234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33086782693862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1230417788028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10345414280891418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8291044235229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7730475664138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.6798891425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6606298685073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.5746838450431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5120628476142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46129095554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4589032530784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4339636564254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43211862444877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.41632869839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3970467448234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33086782693862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1230417788028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10345414280891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567969","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567969","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1903451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1903451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3567969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3567969","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3567969","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1494814522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE_AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2917824471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA2734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3391580208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3626393980","display_name":"Georgia Tech's Scholarship-for-Service (SFS) Progr","funder_award_id":"1565523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3664636202","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"2039655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3809973006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1565523,DGE-2039655","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4343739756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5816449448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5964142490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6020043373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA2734","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G69709960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G728980208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA27344.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340972926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"other","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7806955302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7912514689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA27344.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8372617357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8374966015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8658770765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC52-07NA27","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G991281326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC52-07NA27344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311166084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311166084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1963576557","https://openalex.org/W1978514793","https://openalex.org/W1991510770","https://openalex.org/W1992488456","https://openalex.org/W2023643386","https://openalex.org/W2038651258","https://openalex.org/W2068693276","https://openalex.org/W2089944128","https://openalex.org/W2101269949","https://openalex.org/W2111404412","https://openalex.org/W2118076222","https://openalex.org/W2141050228","https://openalex.org/W2154107003","https://openalex.org/W2161592722","https://openalex.org/W2167710876","https://openalex.org/W2168359464","https://openalex.org/W2188955186","https://openalex.org/W2522306212","https://openalex.org/W2535751405","https://openalex.org/W2553476804","https://openalex.org/W2578943040","https://openalex.org/W2585582797","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2625762372","https://openalex.org/W2740840550","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2773691349","https://openalex.org/W2774169481","https://openalex.org/W2794757687","https://openalex.org/W2810107741","https://openalex.org/W2885205990","https://openalex.org/W2890112720","https://openalex.org/W2890946036","https://openalex.org/W2906632784","https://openalex.org/W2912530654","https://openalex.org/W2947535144","https://openalex.org/W2966740848","https://openalex.org/W2972765956","https://openalex.org/W2979936678","https://openalex.org/W2997065203","https://openalex.org/W3048637452","https://openalex.org/W3101076092","https://openalex.org/W3164644823","https://openalex.org/W3177493987","https://openalex.org/W3190034924","https://openalex.org/W3192124410","https://openalex.org/W3214091108","https://openalex.org/W3215906478","https://openalex.org/W4225515085","https://openalex.org/W4293055427","https://openalex.org/W6687024083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W3024912289","https://openalex.org/W2415747217","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2143767096","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2561023719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"power":[1,52,61,104,128],"grids":[2,53],"have":[3],"evolved,":[4],"IT":[5,28],"has":[6],"become":[7],"integral":[8],"to":[9,22,25,70,101,181],"maintaining":[10],"reliable":[11,60,103],"power.":[12],"While":[13],"providing":[14],"operators":[15],"improved":[16],"situational":[17],"awareness":[18],"and":[19,43,64,93,114,164],"the":[20,31,124,174],"ability":[21],"rapidly":[23],"respond":[24],"dynamic":[26],"situations,":[27],"concurrently":[29],"increases":[30],"cyberattack":[32],"threat":[33],"surface":[34],"\u2013":[35],"as":[36,41],"recent":[37,183],"grid":[38,91,141,149],"attacks":[39,63,68],"such":[40,49],"Blackenergy":[42],"Crashoverride":[44],"illustrate.":[45],"To":[46,76],"defend":[47],"against":[48],"attacks,":[50],"modern":[51],"require":[54],"a":[55,73,146,158,165,182],"system":[56,130],"that":[57,136],"can":[58,138],"maintain":[59,102,139],"during":[62],"detect":[65],"when":[66],"these":[67],"occur":[69],"allow":[71],"for":[72,89],"timely":[74],"response.":[75],"help":[77],"address":[78],"limitations":[79],"of":[80,162,169],"prior":[81],"work,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"DRAGON\u2013":[85],"deep":[86],"reinforcement":[87],"learning":[88],"autonomous":[90,148],"operation":[92],"attack":[94,121,184],"detection,":[95],"which":[96],"(i)":[97],"autonomously":[98],"learns":[99],"how":[100],"operations":[105,142],"while":[106,171],"(ii)":[107],"simultaneously":[108],"detecting":[109],"cyberattacks.":[110],"We":[111],"implement":[112],"DRAGON":[113,137],"evaluate":[115],"its":[116],"effectiveness":[117],"by":[118,178],"simulating":[119],"different":[120],"scenarios":[122],"on":[123,152],"IEEE":[125],"14":[126],"bus":[127],"transmission":[129],"model.":[131],"Our":[132],"experimental":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"safe":[140],"225.5%":[143],"longer":[144],"than":[145],"state-of-the-art":[147],"operator.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"average,":[153],"our":[154],"detection":[155,185],"method":[156],"reports":[157],"true":[159],"positive":[160,167],"rate":[161,168,177],"92.9%":[163],"false":[166,175],"11.4%,":[170],"also":[172],"reducing":[173],"negative":[176],"63.1%":[179],"compared":[180],"method.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
