{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311165941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3564633","title":"Assessing Model-free Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems Against Generic Concealment Attacks","display_name":"Assessing Model-free Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems Against Generic Concealment Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311165941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3564633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3564633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3564633","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3564633","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3564633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085582669","display_name":"Alessandro Erba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Erba","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Germany and Saarbr\u00fccken Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Germany and Saarbr\u00fccken Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801","https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073540044","display_name":"Nils Ole Tippenhauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-2602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Ole Tippenhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-2602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1648,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97964715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"412","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.878018856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7090309262275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.7000870704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6676464080810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6606307029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.584303617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5135469436645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.5064514875411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47925543785095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4689319431781769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.4561055302619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.42783087491989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.325111985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31886720657348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08531370759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07551023364067078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.878018856048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7090309262275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7000870704650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6676464080810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6606307029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.584303617477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5135469436645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.5064514875411987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47925543785095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4689319431781769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.4561055302619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42783087491989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.325111985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31886720657348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08531370759010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07551023364067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3564633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3564633","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3564633","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24614487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Assessing_Model-free_Anomaly_Detection_in_Industrial_Control_Systems_Against_Generic_Concealment_Attacks/24614487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},{"id":"doi:10.60882/cispa.24614487.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60882/cispa.24614487.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050916","display_name":"CISPA Helmholtz Center","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ConferenceProceeding"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564625.3564633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564625.3564633","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564625.3564633","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311165941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311165941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83533993","https://openalex.org/W1997388480","https://openalex.org/W2045669182","https://openalex.org/W2076395601","https://openalex.org/W2092677285","https://openalex.org/W2095577883","https://openalex.org/W2111404412","https://openalex.org/W2130212796","https://openalex.org/W2151370481","https://openalex.org/W2407991977","https://openalex.org/W2474526417","https://openalex.org/W2507635762","https://openalex.org/W2535751405","https://openalex.org/W2561371397","https://openalex.org/W2561791320","https://openalex.org/W2608911009","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2765362015","https://openalex.org/W2782500360","https://openalex.org/W2805774329","https://openalex.org/W2807219356","https://openalex.org/W2884273733","https://openalex.org/W2890112720","https://openalex.org/W2891240227","https://openalex.org/W2896370767","https://openalex.org/W2901280956","https://openalex.org/W2947820052","https://openalex.org/W3092287343","https://openalex.org/W3092536363","https://openalex.org/W3096002622","https://openalex.org/W3103553961","https://openalex.org/W3119781401","https://openalex.org/W3129524550","https://openalex.org/W3141794208","https://openalex.org/W3164160032","https://openalex.org/W4288086180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3030345572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"a":[3,38],"number":[4],"of":[5,40,51],"model-free":[6],"process-based":[7],"anomaly":[8,19],"detection":[9],"schemes":[10,53],"for":[11],"Industrial":[12],"Control":[13],"Systems":[14],"(ICS)":[15],"were":[16],"proposed.":[17],"Model-free":[18],"detectors":[20,71],"are":[21,34],"trained":[22],"directly":[23],"from":[24],"process":[25,31],"data":[26,42],"and":[27],"do":[28],"not":[29],"require":[30],"knowledge.":[32],"They":[33],"validated":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37,65],"set":[39],"public":[41],"with":[43],"limited":[44],"attacks":[45,57],"present.":[46],"As":[47],"result,":[48],"the":[49,66,70],"resilience":[50],"those":[52],"against":[54],"general":[55],"concealment":[56],"is":[58],"unclear.":[59],"addition,":[61],"no":[62],"structured":[63],"discussion":[64],"properties":[67],"verified":[68],"by":[69],"exists.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T18:50:13.731487","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}