{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296641851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564530","title":"LMAC: Efficient Carrier-Sense Multiple Access for LoRa","display_name":"LMAC: Efficient Carrier-Sense Multiple Access for LoRa","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296641851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564530","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564530","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006846169","display_name":"Amalinda Gamage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-9663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amalinda Gamage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-9663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075087089","display_name":"Jansen Christian Liando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-9872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jansen Liando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-9872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074511454","display_name":"Chaojie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040651615","display_name":"Rui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361458","display_name":"Mo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-9709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singpore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088859997","display_name":"Olivier Seller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-7047"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Seller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semtech, Meylan, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3889-7047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semtech, Meylan, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8935,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96008337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8428478240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.7774553298950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7160726189613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5797301530838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-node-problem","display_name":"Hidden node problem","score":0.4895401895046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.48840850591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4813976287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4693160057067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.44883179664611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.43424177169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4323856830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.43087077140808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.425482839345932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.42514389753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4248451590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-access-control","display_name":"Media access control","score":0.4237709939479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.24836039543151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22662779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2019515037536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.17529156804084778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8428478240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.7774553298950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7160726189613342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5797301530838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156738730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2565413","display_name":"Hidden node problem","level":5,"score":0.4895401895046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48840850591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4813976287841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4693160057067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.44883179664611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.43424177169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4323856830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.43087077140808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.425482839345932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.42514389753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4248451590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513196756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3295108","display_name":"Media access control","level":3,"score":0.4237709939479828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.24836039543151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22662779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2019515037536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.17529156804084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564530","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-131903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-131903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3564530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3564530","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3564530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296641851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296641851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2548733007","https://openalex.org/W2560463884","https://openalex.org/W2612102454","https://openalex.org/W2744263726","https://openalex.org/W2794682992","https://openalex.org/W2798521665","https://openalex.org/W2804849706","https://openalex.org/W2899430518","https://openalex.org/W2917931339","https://openalex.org/W2919076405","https://openalex.org/W2929741483","https://openalex.org/W2941291345","https://openalex.org/W2956856928","https://openalex.org/W2963545067","https://openalex.org/W2964940883","https://openalex.org/W2970705512","https://openalex.org/W2980207533","https://openalex.org/W2981455641","https://openalex.org/W2984463125","https://openalex.org/W3006863034","https://openalex.org/W3033228838","https://openalex.org/W3160130607","https://openalex.org/W3210679776","https://openalex.org/W4226193994","https://openalex.org/W4282971155","https://openalex.org/W4287864511","https://openalex.org/W4288365283","https://openalex.org/W4295979802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740103453","https://openalex.org/W2767687907","https://openalex.org/W2543616084","https://openalex.org/W4302323979","https://openalex.org/W4234150174","https://openalex.org/W1766726551","https://openalex.org/W2909001135","https://openalex.org/W2952266750","https://openalex.org/W2123879133","https://openalex.org/W2392999663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"LoRa":[1,40,69],"networks":[2],"including":[3],"those":[4],"following":[5],"the":[6,10,30,74,90,94,104,112],"LoRaWAN":[7],"specification":[8],"use":[9],"primitive":[11],"ALOHA":[12,152],"mechanism":[13],"for":[14,41,68],"media":[15],"access":[16,60],"control":[17],"due":[18],"to":[19,39,65,135],"LoRa\u2019s":[20],"lack":[21],"of":[22,76,80,142],"carrier":[23],"sense":[24],"capability.":[25],"From":[26],"our":[27],"extensive":[28],"measurements,":[29],"channel":[31],"activity":[32],"detection":[33],"feature":[34],"that":[35,62,82],"was":[36],"recently":[37],"introduced":[38],"energy-efficiently":[42],"detecting":[43],"preamble":[44],"chirps":[45,50],"can":[46,160],"also":[47],"detect":[48],"payload":[49],"reliably.":[51],"This":[52,71],"sheds":[53],"light":[54],"on":[55,103,117],"an":[56],"efficient":[57],"carrier-sense":[58,85],"multiple":[59,86],"protocol":[61],"we":[63],"refer":[64],"as":[66],"LMAC":[67,81,132],"networks.":[70],"article":[72],"presents":[73],"designs":[75],"three":[77],"advancing":[78],"versions":[79],"respectively":[83],"implement":[84],"access,":[87],"and":[88,99,109,122,139],"balance":[89],"communication":[91],"loads":[92],"among":[93],"channels":[95],"defined":[96],"by":[97],"frequencies":[98],"spreading":[100],"factors":[101],"based":[102],"end":[105],"nodes\u2019":[106],"local":[107],"information":[108],"then":[110],"additionally":[111],"gateway\u2019s":[113],"global":[114],"information.":[115],"Experiments":[116],"a":[118,123],"50-node":[119],"lab":[120],"testbed":[121],"16-node":[124],"university":[125],"deployment":[126],"show":[127],"that,":[128],"compared":[129],"with":[130,155],"ALOHA,":[131],"brings":[133],"up":[134],"2.2\u00d7":[136],"goodput":[137],"improvement":[138],"2.4\u00d7":[140],"reduction":[141],"radio":[143],"energy":[144],"per":[145],"successfully":[146],"delivered":[147],"frame.":[148],"Thus,":[149],"should":[150],"LoRaWAN\u2019s":[151],"be":[153,161],"replaced":[154],"LMAC,":[156],"network":[157],"performance":[158],"boosts":[159],"realized.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
