{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307886645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563329","title":"Neural architecture search using property guided synthesis","display_name":"Neural architecture search using property guided synthesis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307886645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563329","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073714739","display_name":"Charles Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-5764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046321852","display_name":"Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimthana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-3690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimthana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065950643","display_name":"Sudip Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-0531"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudip Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cohere, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cohere, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073714739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7099757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"OOPSLA2","first_page":"1150","last_page":"1179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.8146364688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6938399076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5941263437271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5265845656394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5047520399093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.503152072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48161643743515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.46097531914711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.4447399973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.418698787689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3296660780906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.19605541229248047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.8146364688873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6938399076461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5941263437271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5265845656394958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5047520399093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.503152072429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48161643743515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.46097531914711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4447399973869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.418698787689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3296660780906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.19605541229248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563329","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.03960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.03960","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.03960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563329","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307886645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4307886645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994530392","https://openalex.org/W2060610732","https://openalex.org/W2125389748","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2330908417","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2590246587","https://openalex.org/W2598912124","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2626990892","https://openalex.org/W2765742677","https://openalex.org/W2773706593","https://openalex.org/W2786320458","https://openalex.org/W2803113791","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2805003733","https://openalex.org/W2884700152","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2915992092","https://openalex.org/W2949941638","https://openalex.org/W2953235111","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2961619211","https://openalex.org/W2963821229","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964233199","https://openalex.org/W2964515685","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W2981758446","https://openalex.org/W2991040477","https://openalex.org/W3010604601","https://openalex.org/W3035204081","https://openalex.org/W3035400692","https://openalex.org/W3037749908","https://openalex.org/W3037847693","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3101965820","https://openalex.org/W3120853372","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3145444543","https://openalex.org/W3156810276","https://openalex.org/W3205943341","https://openalex.org/W3213305054","https://openalex.org/W4225547403","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315697128","https://openalex.org/W4382323155","https://openalex.org/W3205506801","https://openalex.org/W2971502891","https://openalex.org/W4287067436","https://openalex.org/W4280599700","https://openalex.org/W3183570023","https://openalex.org/W3102845713","https://openalex.org/W4292794827","https://openalex.org/W4224939635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"architecture":[1],"search":[2,51,92,106,115,132,138],"(NAS)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6,90,104,175],"increasingly":[7],"important":[8],"tool":[9],"within":[10,35,174],"the":[11,23,49,113,136,154,179,184],"deep":[12,26],"learning":[13],"community":[14],"in":[15,22,76,89,135,238],"recent":[16],"years,":[17],"yielding":[18],"many":[19],"practical":[20],"advancements":[21],"design":[24,38,80],"of":[25,48,53,94,156,160],"neural":[27,54,167],"network":[28],"architectures.":[29],"However,":[30],"most":[31],"existing":[32],"approaches":[33],"operate":[34],"highly":[36],"structured":[37],"spaces,":[39],"and":[40,117,219,228,233],"hence":[41],"(1)":[42,103],"explore":[43],"only":[44],"a":[45,77,147,158,165,189,194],"small":[46],"fraction":[47],"full":[50],"space":[52,93,107],"architectures":[55,119],"while":[56],"also":[57,125,145],"(2)":[58,118],"requiring":[59],"significant":[60],"manual":[61],"effort":[62],"from":[63],"domain":[64],"experts.":[65],"In":[66,82],"this":[67,142],"work,":[68],"we":[69,84,130,144],"develop":[70],"techniques":[71],"that":[72],"enable":[73,141],"efficient":[74,149],"NAS":[75,88],"significantly":[78,110],"larger":[79],"space.":[81,139],"particular,":[83],"propose":[85],"to":[86,211],"perform":[87],"abstract":[91,105,137],"program":[95,122,162,185],"properties.":[96,186],"Our":[97],"key":[98],"insights":[99],"are":[100,181],"as":[101],"follows:":[102],"can":[108,131],"be":[109],"smaller":[111],"than":[112],"original":[114],"space,":[116],"with":[120,188,196],"similar":[121,127],"properties":[123,163],"should":[124],"have":[126],"performance;":[128],"thus,":[129],"more":[133],"efficiently":[134],"To":[140],"approach,":[143,172],"introduce":[146],"novel":[148],"synthesis":[150],"procedure,":[151],"which":[152],"performs":[153],"role":[155],"concretizing":[157],"set":[159],"promising":[161],"into":[164],"satisfying":[166],"architecture.":[168],"We":[169],"implement":[170],"our":[171],"\u03b1NAS,":[173],"evolutionary":[176],"framework,":[177],"where":[178],"mutations":[180],"guided":[182],"by":[183],"Starting":[187],"ResNet-34":[190],"model,":[191],"\u03b1NAS":[192,208],"produces":[193],"model":[195],"slightly":[197],"improved":[198],"accuracy":[199],"on":[200],"CIFAR-10":[201],"but":[202],"96%":[203],"fewer":[204,217,223,226,231],"parameters.":[205],"On":[206],"ImageNet,":[207],"is":[209],"able":[210],"improve":[212],"over":[213],"Vision":[214],"Transformer":[215],"(30%":[216],"FLOPS":[218,232],"parameters),":[220,227],"ResNet-50":[221],"(23%":[222],"FLOPS,":[224],"14%":[225],"EfficientNet":[229],"(7%":[230],"parameters)":[234],"without":[235],"any":[236],"degradation":[237],"accuracy.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
