{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207101484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563313","title":"Solo: a lightweight static analysis for differential privacy","display_name":"Solo: a lightweight static analysis for differential privacy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207101484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563313","mag":"3207101484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563313","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563313","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091082377","display_name":"Chik\u00e9 Abuah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-2360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chik\u00e9 Abuah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vermont, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vermont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019557654","display_name":"David Darais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-0287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140281","display_name":"Galois (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g8y8161","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Darais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Galois, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Galois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061707651","display_name":"Joseph P. Near","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111236770","display_name":"University of Vermont","ror":"https://ror.org/0155zta11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph P. Near","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vermont, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vermont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091082377"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111236770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73903218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"OOPSLA2","first_page":"699","last_page":"728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haskell","display_name":"Haskell","score":0.9546814560890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.7946929335594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7852427959442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.7116068601608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6769219636917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.582503080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5708820819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.489612877368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.4876493215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4402347207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24804025888442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15982908010482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14568403363227844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780624054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34010","display_name":"Haskell","level":3,"score":0.9546814560890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.7946929335594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7852427959442139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.7116068601608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6769219636917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.582503080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5708820819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.489612877368927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.4876493215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4402347207069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24804025888442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15982908010482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14568403363227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563313","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3563313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3563313","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3563313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1692995578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1901278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6015011168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0022396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308154","funder_display_name":"Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6825768157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. HR001120C0087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8463217817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR001120C0087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308154","display_name":"Department of Energy, Labor and Economic Growth","ror":"https://ror.org/054a0at43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207101484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207101484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1815928176","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1935358945","https://openalex.org/W1979413599","https://openalex.org/W1981029888","https://openalex.org/W1985310469","https://openalex.org/W1992926795","https://openalex.org/W2007738069","https://openalex.org/W2022518532","https://openalex.org/W2027193703","https://openalex.org/W2027595342","https://openalex.org/W2027961147","https://openalex.org/W2028705369","https://openalex.org/W2042010295","https://openalex.org/W2091015169","https://openalex.org/W2096870293","https://openalex.org/W2097061283","https://openalex.org/W2100877271","https://openalex.org/W2101310246","https://openalex.org/W2107633422","https://openalex.org/W2123820077","https://openalex.org/W2125357166","https://openalex.org/W2136624255","https://openalex.org/W2152225177","https://openalex.org/W2153751777","https://openalex.org/W2158126684","https://openalex.org/W2166743230","https://openalex.org/W2170204206","https://openalex.org/W2295961883","https://openalex.org/W2296133386","https://openalex.org/W2544992706","https://openalex.org/W2565203757","https://openalex.org/W2594311007","https://openalex.org/W2610208334","https://openalex.org/W2753900993","https://openalex.org/W2754729435","https://openalex.org/W2798430578","https://openalex.org/W2799269185","https://openalex.org/W2883941368","https://openalex.org/W2884738118","https://openalex.org/W2886153332","https://openalex.org/W2889785340","https://openalex.org/W2890611886","https://openalex.org/W2898734375","https://openalex.org/W2900152012","https://openalex.org/W2925599298","https://openalex.org/W2955197576","https://openalex.org/W2963506795","https://openalex.org/W2963699739","https://openalex.org/W2964427690","https://openalex.org/W2964755768","https://openalex.org/W2965219905","https://openalex.org/W2980019266","https://openalex.org/W3015680087","https://openalex.org/W3031432927","https://openalex.org/W3037879330","https://openalex.org/W3049525043","https://openalex.org/W3098696637","https://openalex.org/W3099979833","https://openalex.org/W3100637409","https://openalex.org/W3102407811","https://openalex.org/W3102997142","https://openalex.org/W3104035686","https://openalex.org/W3123629616","https://openalex.org/W3125045354","https://openalex.org/W3125174003","https://openalex.org/W3145555275","https://openalex.org/W3192140144","https://openalex.org/W4244726870","https://openalex.org/W4248577883","https://openalex.org/W6894029821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112263414","https://openalex.org/W1602185604","https://openalex.org/W3004782279","https://openalex.org/W2028779182","https://openalex.org/W4242678340","https://openalex.org/W2140654465","https://openalex.org/W4312041519","https://openalex.org/W2129253059","https://openalex.org/W4296274916","https://openalex.org/W1504459189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"approaches":[1,24],"for":[2,22,30,65],"statically":[3],"enforcing":[4],"differential":[5,69,84,128],"privacy":[6],"in":[7,35,100,112],"higher":[8],"order":[9],"languages":[10,104],"use":[11,88],"either":[12],"linear":[13,59,74,90],"or":[14],"relational":[15,45,92],"refinement":[16,46,93],"types.":[17,75],"A":[18],"barrier":[19],"to":[20],"adoption":[21],"these":[23,32],"is":[25],"the":[26,87],"lack":[27],"of":[28,54,68,89,123,127],"support":[29],"expressing":[31],"\u201cfancy":[33],"types\u201d":[34],"mainstream":[36,42],"programming":[37,103],"languages.":[38],"For":[39],"example,":[40],"no":[41],"language":[43],"supports":[44],"types,":[47,94],"and":[48,51,91,95,120],"although":[49],"Rust":[50],"modern":[52],"versions":[53],"Haskell":[55],"both":[56],"employ":[57],"some":[58],"typing":[60],"techniques,":[61],"they":[62],"are":[63],"inadequate":[64],"embedding":[66,111],"enforcement":[67,126],"privacy,":[70,85],"which":[71],"requires":[72],"\u201cfull\u201d":[73],"We":[76,107],"propose":[77],"a":[78],"new":[79],"type":[80],"system":[81],"that":[82],"enforces":[83],"avoids":[86],"can":[96],"be":[97],"easily":[98],"embedded":[99],"richly":[101],"typed":[102],"like":[105],"Haskell.":[106],"demonstrate":[108,114],"such":[109],"an":[110],"Haskell,":[113],"its":[115],"expressiveness":[116],"on":[117],"case":[118],"studies,":[119],"prove":[121],"soundness":[122],"our":[124],"type-based":[125],"privacy.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}