{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164246203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3561381","title":"Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities","display_name":"Open-world Machine Learning: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164246203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3561381","mag":"3164246203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3561381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3561381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060792448","display_name":"Jitendra Parmar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-7903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jitendra Parmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-7903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052776282","display_name":"Satyendra Singh Chouhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-7364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satyendra Chouhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-7364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021026351","display_name":"Vaskar Raychoudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83328450","display_name":"Miami University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nbqxr67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaskar Raychoudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-6954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081418095","display_name":"Santosh Singh Rathore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9747756","display_name":"Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management","ror":"https://ror.org/008b3ap06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Rathore","raw_affiliation_strings":["ABV-IIITM Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-1666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ABV-IIITM Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9747756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060792448"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.6648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99345901,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"10","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8595972061157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7648231983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7140775322914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.553791880607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5352364778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47358518838882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.446688711643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4201999306678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3366706967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11368370056152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0758645236492157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8595972061157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7648231983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7140775322914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.553791880607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5352364778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47358518838882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.446688711643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4201999306678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3366706967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11368370056152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0758645236492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3561381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3561381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":200,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W240612865","https://openalex.org/W586437679","https://openalex.org/W1032927584","https://openalex.org/W1171650066","https://openalex.org/W1493526108","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1511558225","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1532631793","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1584161386","https://openalex.org/W1584431645","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1791963397","https://openalex.org/W1823409095","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1979262778","https://openalex.org/W1995866178","https://openalex.org/W2007556421","https://openalex.org/W2015563892","https://openalex.org/W2018459374","https://openalex.org/W2021404082","https://openalex.org/W2027731328","https://openalex.org/W2030290736","https://openalex.org/W2039229101","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2042950940","https://openalex.org/W2049789759","https://openalex.org/W2058690395","https://openalex.org/W2060277733","https://openalex.org/W2065180801","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2085989833","https://openalex.org/W2086915492","https://openalex.org/W2095739681","https://openalex.org/W2097550833","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2100332042","https://openalex.org/W2102162869","https://openalex.org/W2105138955","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112078429","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117161742","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119880843","https://openalex.org/W2120501001","https://openalex.org/W2122838776","https://openalex.org/W2125011234","https://openalex.org/W2125874614","https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2128017662","https://openalex.org/W2128970689","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2133864802","https://openalex.org/W2134845968","https://openalex.org/W2136565860","https://openalex.org/W2139709458","https://openalex.org/W2140384587","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2145862222","https://openalex.org/W2151023586","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165550819","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2171253128","https://openalex.org/W2189217339","https://openalex.org/W2219888463","https://openalex.org/W2248269543","https://openalex.org/W2250184916","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2267727210","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2340646384","https://openalex.org/W2391561458","https://openalex.org/W2473930607","https://openalex.org/W2475167333","https://openalex.org/W2499696929","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2526075485","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2565989828","https://openalex.org/W2583538381","https://openalex.org/W2594432108","https://openalex.org/W2595551253","https://openalex.org/W2596164567","https://openalex.org/W2599674900","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2605043629","https://openalex.org/W2607303097","https://openalex.org/W2607941059","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2751379218","https://openalex.org/W2751578931","https://openalex.org/W2782717882","https://openalex.org/W2785917544","https://openalex.org/W2792568620","https://openalex.org/W2793724251","https://openalex.org/W2799709780","https://openalex.org/W2803609229","https://openalex.org/W2892248135","https://openalex.org/W2901114541","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2904509905","https://openalex.org/W2912406707","https://openalex.org/W2912500072","https://openalex.org/W2920292591","https://openalex.org/W2921187422","https://openalex.org/W2939782285","https://openalex.org/W2945383715","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2952409498","https://openalex.org/W2954929116","https://openalex.org/W2963041663","https://openalex.org/W2963149653","https://openalex.org/W2963183879","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963265635","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963788399","https://openalex.org/W2963813679","https://openalex.org/W2963875483","https://openalex.org/W2963924212","https://openalex.org/W2969394406","https://openalex.org/W2971181831","https://openalex.org/W2973218493","https://openalex.org/W2983041926","https://openalex.org/W2994677227","https://openalex.org/W2998792609","https://openalex.org/W3000279467","https://openalex.org/W3000506106","https://openalex.org/W3007633614","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W3031511079","https://openalex.org/W3033895436","https://openalex.org/W3036791278","https://openalex.org/W3041547831","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3098614582","https://openalex.org/W3101981467","https://openalex.org/W3102616566","https://openalex.org/W3103226752","https://openalex.org/W3104770333","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3118707261","https://openalex.org/W3119400913","https://openalex.org/W3120252815","https://openalex.org/W3124373176","https://openalex.org/W3127137920","https://openalex.org/W3141714916","https://openalex.org/W3144123408","https://openalex.org/W3145506661","https://openalex.org/W3161810785","https://openalex.org/W3184153358","https://openalex.org/W3184824817","https://openalex.org/W3187751556","https://openalex.org/W3200298161","https://openalex.org/W3202672294","https://openalex.org/W3204334464","https://openalex.org/W4214520787","https://openalex.org/W4214712351","https://openalex.org/W4220656193","https://openalex.org/W4220956846","https://openalex.org/W4229971152","https://openalex.org/W4234552385","https://openalex.org/W4241533337","https://openalex.org/W4242522566","https://openalex.org/W4244512923","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4282937393","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4288366411","https://openalex.org/W4288418813","https://openalex.org/W4293580221","https://openalex.org/W4295276204","https://openalex.org/W4297577962","https://openalex.org/W4297683418","https://openalex.org/W4297971002","https://openalex.org/W4398554351","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6732990564","https://openalex.org/W6747728645","https://openalex.org/W6756120173","https://openalex.org/W6780565004","https://openalex.org/W6785324182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4384212932","https://openalex.org/W2368454205","https://openalex.org/W2990460313","https://openalex.org/W2973458857","https://openalex.org/W4306321456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"machine":[1,24,117],"learning,":[2,5,11],"mainly":[3],"supervised":[4],"follows":[6],"the":[7,30,88,96,107,124,148,161],"assumptions":[8],"of":[9,87,93,110,132,167],"closed-world":[10],"i.e.,":[12],"for":[13,66,157],"each":[14],"testing":[15],"class,":[16],"a":[17,54,67,129,165],"training":[18,37],"class":[19],"is":[20,53,64,83],"available.":[21],"However,":[22],"such":[23],"learning":[25,118],"models":[26],"fail":[27],"to":[28,44,105,114],"identify":[29],"classes,":[31],"which":[32,57],"were":[33],"not":[34],"available":[35,149],"during":[36],"time.":[38],"These":[39],"classes":[40,47],"can":[41],"be":[42],"referred":[43],"as":[45],"unseen":[46,60],".":[48],"Open-world":[49],"Machine":[50],"Learning":[51],"(OWML)":[52],"novel":[55,130],"technique,":[56],"deals":[58],"with":[59,112,164],"classes.":[61],"Although":[62],"OWML":[63,94,111,133,156],"around":[65],"few":[68],"years":[69],"and":[70,91,127,142,152,172],"many":[71],"significant":[72],"research":[73,98,168],"works":[74],"have":[75,121],"been":[76],"carried":[77],"out":[78],"in":[79,155],"this":[80,101],"domain,":[81],"there":[82],"no":[84],"comprehensive":[85],"survey":[86],"characteristics,":[89],"applications,":[90],"impact":[92],"on":[95],"major":[97,137],"areas.":[99],"In":[100],"article,":[102],"we":[103],"aimed":[104],"capture":[106],"different":[108],"dimensions":[109],"respect":[113],"other":[115],"traditional":[116],"models.":[119],"We":[120,146],"thoroughly":[122],"analyzed":[123],"existing":[125],"literature":[126],"provided":[128],"taxonomy":[131],"considering":[134],"its":[135],"two":[136],"application":[138],"domains:":[139],"Computer":[140],"Vision":[141],"Natural":[143],"Language":[144],"Processing.":[145],"listed":[147],"software":[150],"packages":[151],"open":[153,170],"datasets":[154],"future":[158,173],"researchers.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"article":[162],"concludes":[163],"set":[166],"gaps,":[169],"challenges,":[171],"directions.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}