{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312410518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3559795.3559796","title":"Distributed Random Number Generation Method on Smart Contracts","display_name":"Distributed Random Number Generation Method on Smart Contracts","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312410518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3559795.3559796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3559795.3559796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3559795.3559796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3559795.3559796","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 4th Blockchain and Internet of Things Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3559795.3559796","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025084067","display_name":"Kentaro Sako","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9405-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Sako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043877006","display_name":"Shin\u2019ichiro Matsuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinichiro Matsuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University, USA and NTT Research Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University, USA and NTT Research Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064493291","display_name":"Tatsuya Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-4174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53345292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.9147891402244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.8714953064918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solidity","display_name":"Solidity","score":0.864448070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6680811643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-seed","display_name":"Random seed","score":0.6571513414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6499083042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4454082250595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.44085240364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3089410364627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29075777530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2555832862854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07404616475105286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.9147891402244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.8714953064918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24909565","display_name":"Solidity","level":2,"score":0.864448070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6680811643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26263659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886131","display_name":"Random seed","level":3,"score":0.6571513414382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6499083042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4454082250595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.44085240364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3089410364627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29075777530670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2555832862854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07404616475105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3559795.3559796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3559795.3559796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3559795.3559796","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 4th Blockchain and Internet of Things Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3559795.3559796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3559795.3559796","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3559795.3559796","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 4th Blockchain and Internet of Things Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312410518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312410518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568780897","https://openalex.org/W2020867825","https://openalex.org/W2095595785","https://openalex.org/W3016150129","https://openalex.org/W3160820191","https://openalex.org/W3212315729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W4378574941","https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2901440216","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W4292794277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,116],"propose":[1],"N-choice":[2],"game":[3],"(NCG),":[4],"a":[5,24,33,50,80],"decentralized":[6,109],"pseudo-random":[7,81],"number":[8,163],"generation":[9,164],"method":[10],"that":[11,131,147,158],"can":[12,148],"be":[13],"executed":[14],"on":[15],"smart":[16],"contracts.":[17],"Of":[18],"the":[19,27,54,67,73,90,103,108,118,140,150,159,173],"M":[20],"participants,":[21],"one":[22,40],"is":[23,64,86],"dealer,":[25],"and":[26,44,48,77,111,123],"rest":[28],"are":[29,75],"players,":[30],"each":[31,61],"with":[32],"different":[34],"role.":[35],"Each":[36],"participant":[37,62],"randomly":[38],"chooses":[39],"value":[41],"between":[42],"0":[43],"N":[45],"\u2212":[46],"1":[47],"receives":[49,63],"score":[51],"determined":[52,65],"by":[53,66,72],"NCG":[55,84,119,137,166],"rule.":[56],"The":[57,69,83,154],"amount":[58],"of":[59,105,136,161],"reward":[60],"score.":[68],"values":[70],"chosen":[71],"participants":[74,96],"combined":[76],"hashed":[78],"into":[79],"number.":[82],"framework":[85,120],"designed":[87],"to":[88,97],"achieve":[89],"following":[91],"three":[92],"goals:":[93],"(1)":[94],"Incentivize":[95],"provide":[98],"random":[99,142,162],"choices,":[100],"(2)":[101],"Evaluate":[102],"level":[104],"randomness":[106,146,152],"in":[107,121,165,172],"environment,":[110],"(3)":[112],"Establish":[113],"high":[114,145],"performance.":[115,126],"implement":[117],"Solidity":[122],"evaluate":[124],"its":[125],"Our":[127],"extensive":[128],"experiments":[129,155],"revealed":[130],"unless":[132],"more":[133],"than":[134,171],"90%":[135],"players":[138],"collide,":[139],"generated":[141],"numbers":[143],"have":[144],"pass":[149],"NIST":[151],"test.":[153],"also":[156],"demonstrated":[157],"throughput":[160],"was":[167],"129":[168],"times":[169],"faster":[170],"existing":[174],"framework,":[175],"Random":[176],"Bit":[177],"Generator":[178],"[2].":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}