{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382396155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3590177","title":"Portability of Deep-Learning Side-Channel Attacks against Software Discrepancies","display_name":"Portability of Deep-Learning Side-Channel Attacks against Software Discrepancies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382396155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3590177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3558482.3590177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3590177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667781","display_name":"Chenggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I902671590","display_name":"Auburn University at Montgomery","ror":"https://ror.org/05eynd241","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I902671590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-6408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092350516","display_name":"Mabon Ninan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3619-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mabon Ninan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati , OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3619-5848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati , OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075866395","display_name":"Shane Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-8606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-8606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084167095","display_name":"Joel Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169138485","display_name":"Cedarville University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t28d595","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2189-3800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169138485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011094446","display_name":"William Hawkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725035","display_name":"Boyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-2328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-2328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031863054","display_name":"John M. Emmert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-535X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Emmert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-535X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82153935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8246220350265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.7806234359741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.7550312280654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6432552933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5198239088058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4936998784542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4680077135562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3432215750217438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3247603178024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3181265592575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10981112718582153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8246220350265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.7806234359741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.7550312280654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6432552933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5198239088058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4936998784542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4680077135562897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3432215750217438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3247603178024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3181265592575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10981112718582153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3558482.3590177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3558482.3590177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1804702060","display_name":"CIF: Small:  Dictionary Learning for Compressed Sensing","funder_award_id":"1018660","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6597474123","display_name":"REU Site: Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Hardware and Embedded Systems Security and Trust (RHEST)","funder_award_id":"2150086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7285469256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2150086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W2005193355","https://openalex.org/W2008071701","https://openalex.org/W2739889860","https://openalex.org/W2810943746","https://openalex.org/W2954035222","https://openalex.org/W2990296674","https://openalex.org/W3126247501","https://openalex.org/W3154592730","https://openalex.org/W3196551716","https://openalex.org/W3202469603","https://openalex.org/W3204813235","https://openalex.org/W4220818465","https://openalex.org/W4236883145","https://openalex.org/W4239750483","https://openalex.org/W4241389749","https://openalex.org/W4251361495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107105315","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W2043669269","https://openalex.org/W2329175123","https://openalex.org/W1968560271","https://openalex.org/W2081998479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-learning":[0],"side-channel":[1,22,51,68,120],"attacks":[2,23,52,69],"can":[3,24,86,112,174],"reveal":[4],"encryption":[5],"keys":[6],"on":[7],"a":[8],"device":[9,76],"by":[10,109],"analyzing":[11],"power":[12],"consumption":[13],"with":[14],"neural":[15],"networks.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,31,38,47,64,74,115,132,153,165,170,180],"portability":[19,48,65],"of":[20,49,66,118,134,145,155,182],"deep-learning":[21,50,67,119],"be":[25,175],"affected":[26],"when":[27],"training":[28,32,75,163],"data":[29,36],"(from":[30,37],"device)":[33,40],"and":[34,77,98,122,149],"test":[35,39,78],"are":[41],"discrepant.":[42],"Recent":[43],"studies":[44],"have":[45],"examined":[46],"against":[53,70],"hardware":[54],"discrepancies":[55,72,107],"between":[56,73],"two":[57],"devices.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,81,137],"investigate":[63,138],"software":[71,89,106,135,183],"device.":[79],"Specifically,":[80],"examine":[82],"four":[83],"factors":[84],"that":[85,105,161],"lead":[87],"to":[88,177],"discrepancies,":[90,136],"including":[91,142],"random":[92],"delays,":[93],"instruction":[94],"rewriting,":[95],"optimization":[96],"levels,":[97],"code":[99],"obfuscation.":[100],"Our":[101,158],"experimental":[102],"results":[103,159],"show":[104],"caused":[108],"each":[110],"factor":[111],"significantly":[113],"downgrade":[114],"attack":[116],"performance":[117],"attacks,":[121],"even":[123],"prevent":[124],"an":[125,156],"attacker":[126],"from":[127,152],"recovering":[128],"keys.":[129],"To":[130],"mitigate":[131],"impacts":[133],"three":[139],"mitigation":[140],"methods,":[141],"adjusting":[143],"Points":[144],"Interest,":[146],"domain":[147],"adaptation,":[148],"multi-domain":[150,162],"training,":[151],"perspective":[154],"attacker.":[157],"indicate":[160],"is":[164],"most":[166],"effective":[167],"approach":[168],"among":[169],"three,":[171],"but":[172],"it":[173],"difficult":[176],"scale":[178],"given":[179],"diversity":[181],"discrepancies.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
