{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291972620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556977","title":"Practical Software-Based Shadow Stacks on x86-64","display_name":"Practical Software-Based Shadow Stacks on x86-64","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291972620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3556977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3556977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3556977","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057460408","display_name":"Changwei Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changwei Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Sydney Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Sydney Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101439379","display_name":"Yaoqing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-5088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoqing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Toronto Research Center, Markham, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Toronto Research Center, Markham, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024664385","display_name":"Jingling Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-3506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingling Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057460408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3262,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83502269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8584721088409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.835688054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.7827527523040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5983176827430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/call-stack","display_name":"Call stack","score":0.572739839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5552738904953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-compatibility","display_name":"Backward compatibility","score":0.41715624928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3766865134239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.24565520882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10179826617240906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8584721088409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.835688054561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.7827527523040771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5983176827430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119024030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759899","display_name":"Call stack","level":3,"score":0.572739839553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5552738904953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20574231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844605","display_name":"Backward compatibility","level":2,"score":0.41715624928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3766865134239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.24565520882606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10179826617240906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3556977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3556977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3556977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3556977","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3556977","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26056741","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","issn_l":"1544-3566","issn":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5511967691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP180104069 and DP210102409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320965","display_name":"University of New South Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291972620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4291972620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1969338270","https://openalex.org/W1990465482","https://openalex.org/W1992741024","https://openalex.org/W2000181257","https://openalex.org/W2009801020","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2080313875","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2101699859","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2124360577","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2154555738","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2205902796","https://openalex.org/W2293825325","https://openalex.org/W2368550879","https://openalex.org/W2512784977","https://openalex.org/W2513361541","https://openalex.org/W2537031054","https://openalex.org/W2574009340","https://openalex.org/W2766540688","https://openalex.org/W2794691759","https://openalex.org/W2805788024","https://openalex.org/W2899759798","https://openalex.org/W2901283045","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2951914319","https://openalex.org/W2963125488","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W3011517860","https://openalex.org/W3089769758","https://openalex.org/W3101740510","https://openalex.org/W3106633543","https://openalex.org/W4214849268","https://openalex.org/W4232429166","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4248947422","https://openalex.org/W4302784197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385499178","https://openalex.org/W2109152626","https://openalex.org/W2094572543","https://openalex.org/W2286696562","https://openalex.org/W2375248064","https://openalex.org/W2132703197","https://openalex.org/W2384845090","https://openalex.org/W2783856788","https://openalex.org/W2380139530","https://openalex.org/W4291972620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Control-Flow":[0],"Integrity":[1],"(CFI)":[2],"techniques":[3],"focus":[4],"often":[5],"on":[6,41,58,75,175,199],"protecting":[7,63,162],"forward":[8],"edges":[9,14],"and":[10,29,51,68,105,138,161,180,191,196],"assume":[11],"that":[12,24,183],"backward":[13],"are":[15,31,99],"protected":[16,91],"by":[17,101,156],"shadow":[18,22,54,126,165],"stacks.":[19],"However,":[20],"software-based":[21],"stacks":[23],"can":[25,185],"provide":[26,186],"performance,":[27,188],"security,":[28,190],"compatibility":[30,193],"still":[32],"hard":[33],"to":[34,88,93,107,122,128,152],"obtain,":[35],"leaving":[36],"an":[37],"important":[38],"security":[39],"gap":[40],"x86-64.":[42,200],"In":[43],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"we":[46,82,114,144],"introduce":[47,83,145],"a":[48,84,90,116,146,169],"simple,":[49],"efficient,":[50],"effective":[52],"parallel":[53,125,164],"stack":[55,127,166],"design":[56,115],"(based":[57],"LLVM),":[59],"FlashStack":[60,154,184],",":[61,121,151,178],"for":[62,194],"return":[64],"addresses":[65],"in":[66,140],"single-":[67],"multi-threaded":[69],"programs":[70,198],"running":[71],"under":[72],"64-bit":[73,141],"Linux":[74],"x86-64,":[76],"with":[77,168],"three":[78],"distinctive":[79],"features.":[80],"First,":[81],"novel":[85],"dual-prologue":[86],"approach":[87],"enable":[89],"function":[92],"thwart":[94],"the":[95,108,124,134,163],"TOCTTOU":[96],"attacks,":[97],"which":[98],"constructed":[100],"Microsoft\u2019s":[102,111],"red":[103],"team":[104],"lead":[106],"deprecation":[109],"of":[110,136],"RFG.":[112],"Second,":[113],"new":[117],"mapping":[118],"mechanism,":[119,149],"Segment+Rsp-S":[120],"allow":[123],"be":[129],"accessed":[130],"efficiently":[131,160],"while":[132],"satisfying":[133],"constraints":[135],"arch_prctl()":[137],"ASLR":[139],"Linux.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"lightweight":[147],"inspection":[148],"SideChannel-K":[150],"harden":[153],"further":[155],"detecting":[157],"entropy-reduction":[158],"attacks":[159],"effectively":[167],"10-ms":[170],"shuffling":[171],"policy.":[172],"Our":[173],"evaluation":[174],"SPEC":[176],"CPU2006":[177],"Nginx,":[179],"Firefox":[181],"shows":[182],"high":[187],"meaningful":[189],"reasonable":[192],"server-":[195],"client-side":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}