{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283813557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555618","title":"Deradicalizing YouTube: Characterization, Detection, and Personalization of Religiously Intolerant Arabic Videos","display_name":"Deradicalizing YouTube: Characterization, Detection, and Personalization of Religiously Intolerant Arabic Videos","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283813557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555618","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027427849","display_name":"Nuha Albadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-8371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nuha Albadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taibah University &amp; University of Colorado, Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taibah University &amp; University of Colorado, Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017956142","display_name":"Maram Kurdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maram Kurdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taif University &amp; University of Colorado, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taif University &amp; University of Colorado, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062521842","display_name":"Shivakant Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivakant Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027427849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89431884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"CSCW2","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radicalization","display_name":"Radicalization","score":0.8968533873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.6105276346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.5992671251296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.5456649661064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appeal","display_name":"Appeal","score":0.43124452233314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.41810864210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3842002749443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3400228023529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.3373512625694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2669934630393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2528284192085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"Terrorism","score":0.23893114924430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1693173348903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.08633732795715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.08352509140968323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3416483","display_name":"Radicalization","level":3,"score":0.8968533873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6105276346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.5992671251296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.5456649661064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.43124452233314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.41810864210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3842002749443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3400228023529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3373512625694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2669934630393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2528284192085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.23893114924430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1693173348903656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.08633732795715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.08352509140968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555618","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2207.00111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00111","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.00111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0251-0D3-E4C","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/cf9w8/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555618","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283813557.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283813557.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80056832","https://openalex.org/W615621364","https://openalex.org/W746498512","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1686065478","https://openalex.org/W1901741853","https://openalex.org/W1920583389","https://openalex.org/W1942453818","https://openalex.org/W2007072922","https://openalex.org/W2031648200","https://openalex.org/W2057916874","https://openalex.org/W2109882182","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2127109099","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2276407171","https://openalex.org/W2311430799","https://openalex.org/W2406537964","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2512475869","https://openalex.org/W2512971201","https://openalex.org/W2545197953","https://openalex.org/W2551706664","https://openalex.org/W2605572942","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2729412353","https://openalex.org/W2739657332","https://openalex.org/W2767480261","https://openalex.org/W2767784948","https://openalex.org/W2774215862","https://openalex.org/W2777647957","https://openalex.org/W2797799909","https://openalex.org/W2802780498","https://openalex.org/W2806872289","https://openalex.org/W2898401058","https://openalex.org/W2898883664","https://openalex.org/W2910314344","https://openalex.org/W2941193813","https://openalex.org/W2946206115","https://openalex.org/W2949432678","https://openalex.org/W2949444725","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2954566102","https://openalex.org/W2963446316","https://openalex.org/W2963592843","https://openalex.org/W2965774715","https://openalex.org/W2965842423","https://openalex.org/W2972463128","https://openalex.org/W2977739081","https://openalex.org/W2985082871","https://openalex.org/W3001221685","https://openalex.org/W3011841493","https://openalex.org/W3014064185","https://openalex.org/W3032474305","https://openalex.org/W3037745950","https://openalex.org/W3037924069","https://openalex.org/W3039289200","https://openalex.org/W3040472729","https://openalex.org/W3046746480","https://openalex.org/W3087777115","https://openalex.org/W3094450620","https://openalex.org/W3097933861","https://openalex.org/W3106580412","https://openalex.org/W3121384227","https://openalex.org/W3126684325","https://openalex.org/W3164661264","https://openalex.org/W3170644058","https://openalex.org/W3189072387","https://openalex.org/W4200413350","https://openalex.org/W4205520183","https://openalex.org/W4233484517","https://openalex.org/W4297786439","https://openalex.org/W4299448294","https://openalex.org/W4300773205","https://openalex.org/W4307858169","https://openalex.org/W4313023844","https://openalex.org/W6770637198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946271828","https://openalex.org/W2169368313","https://openalex.org/W4390114589","https://openalex.org/W2063717240","https://openalex.org/W4220869003","https://openalex.org/W2066706785","https://openalex.org/W2573033159","https://openalex.org/W3186852720","https://openalex.org/W2472046875","https://openalex.org/W3135790446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Growing":[0],"evidence":[1],"suggests":[2],"that":[3,93,111,126],"YouTube's":[4],"recommendation":[5],"algorithm":[6],"plays":[7],"a":[8,84],"role":[9],"in":[10,20,102],"online":[11,150,155],"radicalization":[12,151],"via":[13],"surfacing":[14],"extreme":[15],"content.":[16,140,157],"Radical":[17],"Islamist":[18],"groups,":[19],"particular,":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"profiting":[24],"from":[25],"the":[26,44,52,55,134,147],"global":[27],"appeal":[28],"of":[29,46,54,87,113,136,149],"YouTube":[30,50],"to":[31,57,79,118,138],"disseminate":[32],"hate":[33],"and":[34,61,69,83,106,110,128,152],"jihadist":[35],"propaganda.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"quantitative,":[39],"data-driven":[40],"study,":[41],"we":[42,91],"investigate":[43],"prevalence":[45],"religiously":[47],"intolerant":[48],"Arabic":[49,94],"videos,":[51,60,90],"tendency":[53],"platform":[56],"recommend":[58],"such":[59],"how":[62],"these":[63],"recommendations":[64,108,116],"are":[65,99],"affected":[66],"by":[67],"demographics":[68],"watch":[70],"history.":[71],"Based":[72],"on":[73],"our":[74],"deep":[75],"learning":[76],"classifier":[77],"developed":[78],"detect":[80],"hateful":[81,119,139],"videos":[82,95],"large-scale":[85],"dataset":[86],"over":[88],"350K":[89],"find":[92],"targeting":[96],"religious":[97,129],"minorities":[98],"particularly":[100],"prevalent":[101],"search":[103],"results":[104,142],"(30%)":[105],"first-level":[107],"(21%),":[109],"15%":[112],"overall":[114],"captured":[115],"point":[117],"videos.":[120],"Our":[121,141],"personalized":[122],"audit":[123],"experiments":[124],"suggest":[125],"gender":[127],"identity":[130],"can":[131],"substantially":[132],"affect":[133],"extent":[135],"exposure":[137],"contribute":[143],"vital":[144],"insights":[145],"into":[146],"phenomenon":[148],"facilitate":[153],"curbing":[154],"harmful":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
