{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309618435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555598","title":"Spotlights: Designs for Directing Learners' Attention in a Large-Scale Social Annotation Platform","display_name":"Spotlights: Designs for Directing Learners' Attention in a Large-Scale Social Annotation Platform","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309618435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555598","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555598","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084450288","display_name":"Jumana Almahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jumana Almahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076364930","display_name":"Farnaz Jahanbakhsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnaz Jahanbakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028322147","display_name":"Marc T. Facciotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-3274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Facciotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020096573","display_name":"Michele M. Igo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Igo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015690039","display_name":"Kamali Sripathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-8540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamali Sripathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024303852","display_name":"Kobi Gal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-8572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kobi Gal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028448267","display_name":"David R. Karger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Karger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70089926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"CSCW2","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12593","display_name":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pride","display_name":"Pride","score":0.7461913824081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5647570490837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5038947463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.5036699175834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4917736351490021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.466951459646225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.439448744058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41752147674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1166037917137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09754481911659241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3071551","display_name":"Pride","level":2,"score":0.7461913824081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5647570490837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5038947463035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.5036699175834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4917736351490021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.466951459646225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.439448744058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41752147674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1166037917137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09754481911659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555598","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/147703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/147703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4dp9637n","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dp9637n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4rq4s6db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rq4s6db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, vol 6, iss CSCW2","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555598","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6381095190","display_name":"Leveraging In-Context Online Discussion of Course Materials to Enhance Student Engagement and Learning","funder_award_id":"1915724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309618435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309618435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144701237","https://openalex.org/W1503453791","https://openalex.org/W1504087102","https://openalex.org/W1527835246","https://openalex.org/W1584831341","https://openalex.org/W1662555306","https://openalex.org/W1919652261","https://openalex.org/W1966384076","https://openalex.org/W1967927665","https://openalex.org/W1971210759","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1980247690","https://openalex.org/W1985594972","https://openalex.org/W1995923922","https://openalex.org/W2008801265","https://openalex.org/W2009220433","https://openalex.org/W2009220764","https://openalex.org/W2010950062","https://openalex.org/W2021896367","https://openalex.org/W2027560600","https://openalex.org/W2029389635","https://openalex.org/W2059121683","https://openalex.org/W2064302460","https://openalex.org/W2070643862","https://openalex.org/W2096454666","https://openalex.org/W2111025337","https://openalex.org/W2115375428","https://openalex.org/W2118836230","https://openalex.org/W2119494621","https://openalex.org/W2120320518","https://openalex.org/W2122624458","https://openalex.org/W2123409729","https://openalex.org/W2123664048","https://openalex.org/W2140871574","https://openalex.org/W2144963170","https://openalex.org/W2150794602","https://openalex.org/W2154321263","https://openalex.org/W2156559761","https://openalex.org/W2159729957","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2201046534","https://openalex.org/W2735370868","https://openalex.org/W2765439571","https://openalex.org/W2787567451","https://openalex.org/W2788780036","https://openalex.org/W2790034076","https://openalex.org/W2893765306","https://openalex.org/W2901843047","https://openalex.org/W2973091178","https://openalex.org/W3025495074","https://openalex.org/W3025533552","https://openalex.org/W3030253100","https://openalex.org/W3127339875","https://openalex.org/W3200732079","https://openalex.org/W4210780747","https://openalex.org/W4229951773","https://openalex.org/W4253418612","https://openalex.org/W6636889292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247771886","https://openalex.org/W4205378294","https://openalex.org/W3161147649","https://openalex.org/W1991242610","https://openalex.org/W2379984245","https://openalex.org/W3112929810","https://openalex.org/W2127970155","https://openalex.org/W2508172897","https://openalex.org/W4311417398","https://openalex.org/W1594622758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"approach":[2],"to":[3,56,72,140],"online":[4,46],"discussion,":[5],"which":[6],"situates":[7],"student":[8,19],"discussions":[9],"in":[10,25,76,101,111,126,135],"the":[11,14,28,42,77,90,112],"margins":[12],"of":[13,31,44,53,92,137,146],"course":[15,22],"content,":[16],"can":[17,33],"enhance":[18],"engagement":[20],"with":[21],"materials.":[23],"However,":[24],"high-enrollment":[26,103],"classes,":[27],"large":[29,108],"number":[30],"comments":[32,125],"overwhelm":[34],"and":[35,48,97,117,142,148],"intimidate":[36],"students.":[37],"Some":[38],"become":[39],"frustrated":[40],"by":[41,49],"volume":[43],"potential":[45],"interactions":[47],"a":[50,107,118],"perceived":[51],"lack":[52],"immediate":[54],"relevance":[55],"their":[57,138,143,153],"studies.":[58],"Likewise,":[59],"instructors":[60],"are":[61],"disappointed":[62],"when":[63],"outstanding":[64],"discussions,":[65],"that":[66,122],"they":[67],"deem":[68],"valuable":[69],"for":[70,88,155],"all":[71],"see,":[73],"get":[74],"lost":[75],"clutter.":[78],"To":[79],"address":[80],"these":[81],"challenges,":[82],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"visual":[85],"spotlighting":[86,123,157],"mechanisms":[87],"increasing":[89],"saliency":[91],"selected":[93],"comments.":[94],"We":[95],"piloted":[96],"deployed":[98],"multiple":[99],"designs":[100],"two":[102],"biology":[104],"courses":[105],"at":[106],"public":[109],"university":[110],"United":[113],"States.":[114],"Interviews,":[115],"surveys,":[116],"controlled":[119],"experiment":[120],"show":[121],"relevant":[124],"heavily":[127],"annotated":[128],"texts":[129],"positively":[130],"affects":[131],"students'":[132],"engagement,":[133],"measured":[134],"terms":[136],"attention":[139],"comments,":[141],"reported":[144,152],"sense":[145],"validation":[147],"pride.":[149],"Students":[150],"also":[151],"preferences":[154],"certain":[156],"designs.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}