{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297857312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555228.3555243","title":"Smell Patterns as Indicators of Design Degradation","display_name":"Smell Patterns as Indicators of Design Degradation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297857312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555228.3555243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555228.3555243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555228.3555243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the XXXVI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041090227","display_name":"Anderson Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anderson Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024116315","display_name":"Willian Oizumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willian Oizumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103226106","display_name":"Leonardo Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039130090","display_name":"Wesley K. G. Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wesley K. G. Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007792821","display_name":"Alessandro Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021306015","display_name":"Carlos Lucena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-2352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Lucena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027260014","display_name":"Diego Cedrim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098009","display_name":"Amazon Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ssgrj25","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098009"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Cedrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7535,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71348562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"311","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9409000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9286179542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.8408012390136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6843907237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5260142087936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design-pattern","display_name":"Software design pattern","score":0.4993419647216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.48601752519607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.4687379002571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.4558209180831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.43658146262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4168768525123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.35569337010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2166590690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1580105721950531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9286179542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.8408012390136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6843907237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5260142087936401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146054899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181156","display_name":"Software design pattern","level":3,"score":0.4993419647216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.48601752519607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.4687379002571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4558209180831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.43658146262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4168768525123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.35569337010383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2166590690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1580105721950531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555228.3555243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555228.3555243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the XXXVI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169022003","https://openalex.org/W397180395","https://openalex.org/W605593526","https://openalex.org/W2050482698","https://openalex.org/W2116805092","https://openalex.org/W2118023438","https://openalex.org/W2143119899","https://openalex.org/W2147810104","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2154196314","https://openalex.org/W2159834252","https://openalex.org/W2165991570","https://openalex.org/W2357064193","https://openalex.org/W2727592710","https://openalex.org/W2753082974","https://openalex.org/W2780783514","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W2896744621","https://openalex.org/W2941623273","https://openalex.org/W4229730107","https://openalex.org/W4301730647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780981476","https://openalex.org/W2088986462","https://openalex.org/W3166181464","https://openalex.org/W2955607951","https://openalex.org/W4385569644","https://openalex.org/W2946499381","https://openalex.org/W2187939805","https://openalex.org/W125071098","https://openalex.org/W2015418718","https://openalex.org/W2091064206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0],"degradation":[1,34,56,116,126,155,175,195,224,271,293],"problems":[2,17,57,225],"occur":[3],"as":[4,205,223],"a":[5,23,100,112,124,180],"result":[6],"of":[7,54,73,114,143,162,173,193,212,253,270,290],"sub-optimal":[8,101,228],"decisions":[9,229],"that":[10,69,107,188,259],"negatively":[11],"impact":[12],"internal":[13,46],"software":[14,47],"quality.":[15,48],"These":[16],"can":[18,108],"affect":[19],"isolated":[20],"elements":[21,28],"(e.g.,":[22,29,209],"class)":[24],"or":[25,82],"multiple":[26],"code":[27,94,97,144,263],"components).":[30],"When":[31],"neglected,":[32],"design":[33,55,115,125,154,174,194,254,292],"increases":[35],"maintenance":[36],"costs.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"scenario,":[40],"refactoring":[41,135,217],"is":[42,66,80,99],"paramount":[43],"to":[44,122,131,138,150,158,165,266,277,282],"keep":[45],"However,":[49],"the":[50,71,78,88,104,160,169,206,218,227,234,238,249,267,286],"identification":[51,72,170,287],"and":[52,128,171,214,245,288],"removal":[53,172,269,289],"are":[58,191,200],"not":[59,230],"trivial":[60],"tasks.":[61],"For":[62],"example,":[63],"architectural":[64,74],"documentation":[65,79],"an":[67,279],"artifact":[68],"facilitates":[70],"problems,":[75,176,196],"but":[76,197],"often":[77,109],"unavailable":[81],"outdated.":[83],"Hence,":[84],"developers":[85,121,167,284],"rely":[86],"on":[87],"source":[89],"code,":[90],"mainly":[91],"by":[92,202],"identifying":[93],"smells.":[95],"A":[96],"smell":[98,147,163,189,235],"decision":[102],"in":[103,168],"system":[105],"implementation":[106],"be":[110,139],"considered":[111],"counterpart":[113],"problems.":[117,156,272,294],"Code":[118],"smells":[119,264],"allow":[120],"spot":[123],"problem":[127],"use":[129],"them":[130],"reason":[132],"about":[133],"which":[134],"operations":[136],"need":[137],"applied.":[140],"Certain":[141],"groups":[142],"smells,":[145],"called":[146],"patterns,":[148],"seem":[149],"indicate":[151],"some":[152,291],"specific":[153],"Intending":[157],"investigate":[159],"usefulness":[161],"patterns":[164,190,236,239],"help":[166],"we":[177],"have":[178],"conducted":[179],"quasi-experiment":[181],"with":[182,262],"13":[183],"professional":[184],"developers.":[185],"Developers":[186],"agree":[187],"indicators":[192,252],"their":[198],"perceptions":[199],"influenced":[201],"factors":[203],"such":[204],"development":[207],"platform":[208],"Android),":[210],"type":[211],"functionality,":[213],"effort":[215],"for":[216,240],"problem.":[219],"Furthermore,":[220],"they":[221],"see":[222],"only":[226],"intentionally":[231],"taken.":[232],"Among":[233],"investigated,":[237],"Fat":[241],"Interface,":[242],"Concern":[243,247],"Overload,":[244],"Scattered":[246],"were":[248],"most":[250],"useful":[251],"degradation.":[255],"We":[256],"also":[257],"observed":[258],"refactorings":[260],"associated":[261],"contribute":[265],"(partial)":[268],"Our":[273],"results":[274],"led":[275],"us":[276],"develop":[278],"automated":[280],"tool":[281],"support":[283],"during":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}