{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310471131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555050.3569131","title":"How gullible are web measurement tools?","display_name":"How gullible are web measurement tools?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310471131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555050.3569131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555050.3569131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555050.3569131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075164484","display_name":"Benjamin Krumnow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-4054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7876267","display_name":"Open University of the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/018dfmf50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Krumnow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University Netherlands, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University Netherlands, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090429213","display_name":"Hugo Jonker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-8921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7876267","display_name":"Open University of the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/018dfmf50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Jonker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University Netherlands and Radboud University, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University Netherlands and Radboud University, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I7876267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046473285","display_name":"S. Karsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102520234","display_name":"TH K\u00f6ln - University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014nnvj65","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Karsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["TH K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TH K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102520234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8433,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75286979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"171","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016573548316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6350670456886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.611983597278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5490142703056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5390699505805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-browser","display_name":"Web browser","score":0.511963963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4774470925331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4655170440673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.42294031381607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41252899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.3011276125907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2723712623119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.21626636385917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16662946343421936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016573548316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6350670456886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.611983597278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5490142703056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5390699505805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983909278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6368","display_name":"Web browser","level":3,"score":0.511963963508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4774470925331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4655170440673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.42294031381607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41252899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.3011276125907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2723712623119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.21626636385917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16662946343421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3555050.3569131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3555050.3569131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/287473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/287473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bianchi, G. (ed.), CoNEXT '22: The 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies Roma Italy December 6 - 9, 2022, pp. 171-186","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:ou:oai:research.ou.nl:publications/66a55260-e6d6-42a8-b17c-4c4a69a2b333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.ou.nl/en/publications/66a55260-e6d6-42a8-b17c-4c4a69a2b333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CoNEXT '22: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, 171 - 186","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/287473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/287473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bianchi, G. (ed.), CoNEXT '22: The 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies Roma Italy December 6 - 9, 2022, 171 - 186. New York : ACM","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1684730140","https://openalex.org/W1972524097","https://openalex.org/W2002979297","https://openalex.org/W2008251338","https://openalex.org/W2104874152","https://openalex.org/W2132605240","https://openalex.org/W2159710624","https://openalex.org/W2161392727","https://openalex.org/W2268157125","https://openalex.org/W2272969119","https://openalex.org/W2336291507","https://openalex.org/W2424402128","https://openalex.org/W2597945854","https://openalex.org/W2598137689","https://openalex.org/W2604173668","https://openalex.org/W2610815847","https://openalex.org/W2614012654","https://openalex.org/W2614396033","https://openalex.org/W2733005124","https://openalex.org/W2749269100","https://openalex.org/W2782867239","https://openalex.org/W2902929607","https://openalex.org/W2903080305","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W2909126209","https://openalex.org/W2912180625","https://openalex.org/W2914733125","https://openalex.org/W2918547900","https://openalex.org/W2932334901","https://openalex.org/W2949082652","https://openalex.org/W2962900647","https://openalex.org/W2962940036","https://openalex.org/W2963509939","https://openalex.org/W2963663395","https://openalex.org/W2963967433","https://openalex.org/W2964203713","https://openalex.org/W2965662590","https://openalex.org/W2965874398","https://openalex.org/W2969353019","https://openalex.org/W2972665508","https://openalex.org/W2974279818","https://openalex.org/W2974508951","https://openalex.org/W2979198558","https://openalex.org/W2980748551","https://openalex.org/W2980770947","https://openalex.org/W2998737602","https://openalex.org/W2999601531","https://openalex.org/W3003683799","https://openalex.org/W3004148183","https://openalex.org/W3007024382","https://openalex.org/W3012679427","https://openalex.org/W3012855414","https://openalex.org/W3020871328","https://openalex.org/W3029205506","https://openalex.org/W3082301429","https://openalex.org/W3082521871","https://openalex.org/W3092066298","https://openalex.org/W3092662090","https://openalex.org/W3094741512","https://openalex.org/W3100328669","https://openalex.org/W3100545544","https://openalex.org/W3105461093","https://openalex.org/W3117769329","https://openalex.org/W3121883529","https://openalex.org/W3135888836","https://openalex.org/W3153325860","https://openalex.org/W3153326528","https://openalex.org/W3154012499","https://openalex.org/W3154807658","https://openalex.org/W3158324471","https://openalex.org/W3174233955","https://openalex.org/W3177181460","https://openalex.org/W3210180286","https://openalex.org/W3210723710","https://openalex.org/W3217222343","https://openalex.org/W4224316621","https://openalex.org/W4224319565","https://openalex.org/W4256444741","https://openalex.org/W4281773502","https://openalex.org/W4283652325","https://openalex.org/W4288086176","https://openalex.org/W4293783408","https://openalex.org/W6766185944","https://openalex.org/W6789222623","https://openalex.org/W6801663496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W590788508","https://openalex.org/W188332989","https://openalex.org/W2402717511","https://openalex.org/W2048620454","https://openalex.org/W2134058816","https://openalex.org/W2796425874","https://openalex.org/W1987850938","https://openalex.org/W744349438","https://openalex.org/W1974754488","https://openalex.org/W1844100222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"browsers":[1,19,40],"are":[2],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,29,44,75],"study":[6,76],"the":[7,23],"web":[8,65,77],"at":[9],"scale.":[10],"Their":[11],"premise":[12],"is":[13],"that":[14],"they":[15],"measure":[16],"what":[17,37],"regular":[18],"would":[20],"encounter":[21],"on":[22],"web.":[24],"In":[25,56],"practice,":[26],"deviations":[27,47],"due":[28],"detection":[30],"of":[31,83,87,94],"automation":[32,66],"have":[33],"been":[34,52],"found.":[35],"To":[36],"extent":[38],"automated":[39],"can":[41],"be":[42],"improved":[43],"reduce":[45],"such":[46],"has":[48],"so":[49],"far":[50],"not":[51],"investigated":[53],"in":[54],"detail.":[55],"this":[57,61],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"investigate":[60],"for":[62],"a":[63,69],"specific":[64],"framework:":[67],"OpenWPM,":[68,84],"popular":[70],"research":[71],"framework":[72],"specifically":[73],"designed":[74],"privacy.":[78],"We":[79],"analyse":[80],"(1)":[81],"detectability":[82],"(2)":[85],"resilience":[86],"OpenWPM's":[88],"data":[89],"recording,":[90],"and":[91],"(3)":[92],"prevalence":[93],"OpenWPM":[95],"detection.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}