{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297822228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551901.3556476","title":"Driving Early Physical Synthesis Exploration through End-of-Flow Total Power Prediction","display_name":"Driving Early Physical Synthesis Exploration through End-of-Flow Total Power Prediction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297822228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551901.3556476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551901.3556476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551901.3556476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551901.3556476","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551901.3556476","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021997733","display_name":"Yi\u2010Chen Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Chen Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058532858","display_name":"Wei-Ting Jonas Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Ting Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110815003","display_name":"Vishal Khandelwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Khandelwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052950521","display_name":"Sung Kyu Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-5282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Kyu Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021997733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6403,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66558804,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"97","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.907565176486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7075144052505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.5883857011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5191382765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.48802629113197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-synthesis","display_name":"High-level synthesis","score":0.4579249322414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4352065920829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit-design","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","score":0.4173104465007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41066649556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3535389304161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24787095189094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.229376882314682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.18939119577407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-design","display_name":"Circuit design","score":0.17302468419075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10971108078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09492352604866028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.907565176486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7075144052505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.5883857011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5191382765769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.48802629113197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4579249322414398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4352065920829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.4173104465007782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41066649556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3535389304161072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24787095189094543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.229376882314682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.18939119577407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.17302468419075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10971108078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09492352604866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551901.3556476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551901.3556476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551901.3556476","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551901.3556476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551901.3556476","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551901.3556476","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297822228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297822228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020773995","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2167378214","https://openalex.org/W2554031552","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2998169401","https://openalex.org/W3113078536","https://openalex.org/W3136792145","https://openalex.org/W4200141518","https://openalex.org/W4235578650","https://openalex.org/W4236601256","https://openalex.org/W4247272447","https://openalex.org/W4252138582","https://openalex.org/W6602415781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245336546","https://openalex.org/W2123076670","https://openalex.org/W2038511870","https://openalex.org/W2543290882","https://openalex.org/W2326620043","https://openalex.org/W2075511834","https://openalex.org/W2126475478","https://openalex.org/W4253195573","https://openalex.org/W2115970675","https://openalex.org/W2020934033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leading-edge":[0],"designs":[1,73],"on":[2,69,94],"advanced":[3],"nodes":[4],"are":[5],"pushing":[6],"physical":[7],"design":[8,36],"(PD)":[9],"flow":[10],"runtime":[11],"into":[12],"several":[13],"weeks.":[14],"Stringent":[15],"time-to-market":[16],"constraint":[17],"necessitates":[18],"efficient":[19],"power,":[20],"performance,":[21],"and":[22,52,74,97],"area":[23],"(PPA)":[24],"exploration":[25],"by":[26],"developing":[27],"accurate":[28],"models":[29],"to":[30,58],"evaluate":[31],"netlist":[32],"quality":[33],"in":[34,63],"early":[35,64],"stages.":[37,66],"In":[38],"this":[39],"work,":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"PD-LSTM,":[43],"a":[44,98],"framework":[45],"that":[46,79],"leverages":[47],"graph":[48],"neural":[49],"networks":[50,57],"(GNNs)":[51],"long":[53],"short-term":[54],"memory":[55],"(LSTM)":[56],"perform":[59],"end-of-flow":[60],"power":[61,85],"predictions":[62],"PD":[65],"Experimental":[67],"results":[68,87],"two":[70],"commercial":[71],"CPU":[72],"five":[75],"OpenCore":[76],"netlists":[77,96],"demonstrate":[78],"PD-LSTM":[80],"achieves":[81],"high":[82,103],"fidelity":[83],"total":[84],"prediction":[86],"within":[88],"4%":[89],"normalized":[90],"root-mean-squared":[91],"error":[92],"(NRMSE)":[93],"unseen":[95],"correlation":[99],"coefficient":[100],"score":[101],"as":[102,104],"0.98.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
