{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4307211516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551504.3551526","title":"Opinion Spamming: Analyzing the Accuracy of Online Detection Tools","display_name":"Opinion Spamming: Analyzing the Accuracy of Online Detection Tools","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4307211516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551504.3551526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551504.3551526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551504.3551526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ibn.idsi.md/vizualizare_articol/166795","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053430405","display_name":"Mohammed Awad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-133X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153389","display_name":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah","ror":"https://ror.org/0440yjn92","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073023942","display_name":"Khouloud Salameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0620-7769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153389","display_name":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah","ror":"https://ror.org/0440yjn92","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khouloud Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026113433","display_name":"Assamahou Malika Ngoungoure","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153389","display_name":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah","ror":"https://ror.org/0440yjn92","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assamahou Malika Ngoungoure","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109651410","display_name":"Maryam Abdullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153389","display_name":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah","ror":"https://ror.org/0440yjn92","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20813755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"142","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.9892040491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.7972164154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6544445157051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5778532028198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.5648276209831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5599145293235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4737173914909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4640105962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.44452357292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39028021693229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3772677183151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35531795024871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.320218563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2755495011806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17354780435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13990041613578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08014458417892456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.9892040491104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.7972164154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6544445157051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5778532028198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.5648276209831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5599145293235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4737173914909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4640105962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44452357292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39028021693229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3772677183151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35531795024871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.320218563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2755495011806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17354780435562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13990041613578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08014458417892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551504.3551526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551504.3551526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ibn.idsi.md:166795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ibn.idsi.md/vizualizare_articol/166795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189701","display_name":"Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days","issn_l":"2520-3401","issn":["2520-3401","2663-9394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days ","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ibn.idsi.md:166795","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ibn.idsi.md/vizualizare_articol/166795","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189701","display_name":"Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days","issn_l":"2520-3401","issn":["2520-3401","2663-9394"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days ","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126581182","https://openalex.org/W2905544777","https://openalex.org/W2996138736","https://openalex.org/W4387129082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987732684","https://openalex.org/W2286465138","https://openalex.org/W637393809","https://openalex.org/W2808742736","https://openalex.org/W1526983901","https://openalex.org/W3126526144","https://openalex.org/W3021299372","https://openalex.org/W2184211279","https://openalex.org/W2346278349","https://openalex.org/W3139094847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,14],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"we":[5],"have":[6,50,95],"seen":[7],"a":[8,34],"rise":[9],"in":[10],"spoofed":[11],"content":[12],"across":[13],"Internet,":[15],"including":[16],"fake":[17,20,41,70],"news":[18,23,30],"and":[19,53,69,90],"reviews.":[21],"Fake":[22],"is":[24,58,61],"false":[25],"information":[26],"that":[27,59],"imitates":[28],"real":[29],"intending":[31],"to":[32,46,65,77,86],"damage":[33],"reputation":[35],"or":[36],"make":[37],"financial":[38],"gains.":[39],"Similarly,":[40],"online":[42],"reviews,":[43],"commonly":[44],"referred":[45],"as":[47],"opinion":[48,88],"spamming,":[49],"impacted":[51],"customers":[52],"retailers.":[54],"The":[55],"main":[56],"problem":[57],"there":[60],"no":[62],"efficient":[63],"way":[64],"distinguish":[66],"between":[67],"genuine":[68],"reviews;":[71],"even":[72],"humans":[73],"find":[74],"it":[75],"difficult":[76],"do":[78],"so.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"compares":[82],"two":[83],"tools":[84],"used":[85],"detect":[87],"spamming":[89],"analyzes":[91],"their":[92],"results.":[93],"We":[94],"compiled":[96],"our":[97],"research":[98],"using":[99],"100":[100],"reviews":[101],"from":[102],"travelers":[103],"who":[104],"evaluated":[105],"Istanbul's":[106],"top":[107],"five":[108],"best-value":[109],"hotels.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
