{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313563753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3561146","title":"Do Regional Variations Affect the CAPTCHA User Experience? A Comparison of CAPTCHAs in China and the United States","display_name":"Do Regional Variations Affect the CAPTCHA User Experience? A Comparison of CAPTCHAs in China and the United States","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313563753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3561146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3561146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3561146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3561146","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3561146","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006663881","display_name":"Xinyao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-6072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-6072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061116185","display_name":"Zaiqiao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-5744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiqiao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1564-5744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026825784","display_name":"Sameer Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-0765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sameer Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Utah, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-0765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Utah, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29477759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.9849972724914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.624114990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6183767318725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5693490505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5424521565437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5056490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5017285346984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4215736985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.349277138710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1982402801513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07871231436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.06961995363235474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.9849972724914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.624114990234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6183767318725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5693490505218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5424521565437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5056490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5017285346984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4215736985206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.349277138710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1982402801513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07871231436729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.06961995363235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3561146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3561146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3561146","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3561146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3561146","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3561146","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313563753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313563753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500290976","https://openalex.org/W1989864688","https://openalex.org/W2003735219","https://openalex.org/W2027237225","https://openalex.org/W2082839416","https://openalex.org/W2084062832","https://openalex.org/W2088301450","https://openalex.org/W2088479541","https://openalex.org/W2113145873","https://openalex.org/W2127241685","https://openalex.org/W2149305578","https://openalex.org/W2150104072","https://openalex.org/W2293290938","https://openalex.org/W2597047587","https://openalex.org/W2765551788","https://openalex.org/W2785034086","https://openalex.org/W2944511729","https://openalex.org/W2951472717","https://openalex.org/W3032010444","https://openalex.org/W3035303777","https://openalex.org/W3206957188","https://openalex.org/W4243636675","https://openalex.org/W4251560328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134776999","https://openalex.org/W1975364925","https://openalex.org/W4224032630","https://openalex.org/W3163321199","https://openalex.org/W4293198839","https://openalex.org/W2971404056","https://openalex.org/W3185607124","https://openalex.org/W2012552426","https://openalex.org/W4249874437","https://openalex.org/W2045235295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"worldwide":[1],"deploy":[2],"CAPTCHAs":[3,18,36,47,85],"as":[4],"a":[5,123],"security":[6],"mechanism":[7],"to":[8,75,122],"protect":[9],"from":[10],"unauthorized":[11],"automated":[12],"access.":[13],"Typically,":[14],"the":[15,30,44,53,56,90,99,106,116,129],"effectiveness":[16,34,104],"of":[17,29,35,46,115,125],"is":[19],"evaluated":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22],"their":[23],"resilience":[24],"against":[25],"bots.":[26],"User":[27],"perceptions":[28,79],"interactive":[31],"experience":[32,102,132],"and":[33,73,89,103,135],"have":[37],"received":[38],"less":[39],"attention,":[40],"especially":[41],"for":[42,127],"comparing":[43],"variations":[45,83,114],"presented":[48,86],"in":[49,71,84,87,98],"different":[50,107],"regions":[51],"across":[52,105,112],"world.":[54],"As":[55],"first":[57],"step":[58],"toward":[59],"filling":[60],"this":[61],"gap,":[62],"we":[63],"conducted":[64],"semi-structured":[65],"interviews":[66],"with":[67],"ten":[68],"participants":[69],"fluent":[70],"Chinese":[72],"English":[74],"investigate":[76],"whether":[77],"user":[78,101,131],"are":[80],"affected":[81],"by":[82],"China":[88],"United":[91],"States,":[92],"respectively.":[93],"We":[94],"found":[95],"notable":[96],"differences":[97],"perceived":[100],"CAPTCHA":[108,130],"types,":[109],"but":[110],"not":[111],"regional":[113],"same":[117],"type.":[118],"Our":[119],"findings":[120],"point":[121],"number":[124],"avenues":[126],"making":[128],"more":[133],"universal":[134],"inclusive.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
