{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313563953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3556913","title":"Automatically Detecting Visual Bugs in HTML5 Canvas Games","display_name":"Automatically Detecting Visual Bugs in HTML5 Canvas Games","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313563953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3556913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3556913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3556913","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3556913","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3556913","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030296723","display_name":"Finlay Macklon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-7215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Finlay Macklon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005535679","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Taesiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Taesiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026684568","display_name":"Markos Viggiato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markos Viggiato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052275897","display_name":"Stefan Antoszko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Antoszko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112394268","display_name":"Natalia Romanova","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Romanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prodigy Education, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prodigy Education, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060673676","display_name":"Dale Paas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6968-6484"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dale Paas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prodigy Education, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prodigy Education, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066994589","display_name":"Cor\u2010Paul Bezemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-5718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cor-Paul Bezemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030296723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73301871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8077490329742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.7092270851135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.5923177599906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/html5","display_name":"HTML5","score":0.5706802010536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.42632347345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.41526445746421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3978557288646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3855714499950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3080900311470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18974381685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.12314444780349731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8077490329742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.7092270851135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.5923177599906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84063617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2053","display_name":"HTML5","level":2,"score":0.5706802010536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.42632347345352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.41526445746421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3978557288646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3855714499950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3080900311470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18974381685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12314444780349731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3556913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3556913","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3556913","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3551349.3556913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551349.3556913","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3551349.3556913","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 37th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313563953.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313563953.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972978214","https://openalex.org/W1975911483","https://openalex.org/W2053692450","https://openalex.org/W2069169007","https://openalex.org/W2080395944","https://openalex.org/W2120312485","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2144846415","https://openalex.org/W2153777140","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2345205744","https://openalex.org/W2783348159","https://openalex.org/W2807062241","https://openalex.org/W2954518547","https://openalex.org/W2959108026","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W3090608193","https://openalex.org/W3091044163","https://openalex.org/W3093605317","https://openalex.org/W3093730703","https://openalex.org/W3109745734","https://openalex.org/W3163756696","https://openalex.org/W3175425861","https://openalex.org/W3193822405","https://openalex.org/W3194624166","https://openalex.org/W3196116509","https://openalex.org/W3207316101","https://openalex.org/W4288080284","https://openalex.org/W4312571336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066703180","https://openalex.org/W856338413","https://openalex.org/W74297911","https://openalex.org/W82290398","https://openalex.org/W2381296300","https://openalex.org/W4251518457","https://openalex.org/W2573718703","https://openalex.org/W2393062505","https://openalex.org/W2336873076","https://openalex.org/W601751418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70],"HTML5":[1],"<canvas>":[2,18,23,63,111,135,196],"is":[3,25,38,113,160],"used":[4,42],"to":[5,53,90,129,209],"display":[6],"high":[7],"quality":[8],"graphics":[9,98],"in":[10,67,96,134],"web":[11,15,30,43,55,101],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"games":[16,24,112],"(i.e.,":[17],"games).":[19],"However,":[20,103],"automatically":[21,130],"testing":[22,31,37,44],"not":[26,65],"possible":[27],"with":[28,81,162,214],"existing":[29],"techniques":[32],"and":[33,35,105,181,198],"tools,":[34],"manual":[36],"laborious.":[39],"Many":[40],"widely":[41],"tools":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47,144],"the":[48,59,62,68,97,100,116,145],"Document":[49],"Object":[50],"Model":[51],"(DOM)":[52],"drive":[54],"test":[56,119],"automation,":[57],"but":[58],"contents":[60],"of":[61,99,118,142,154,158,206,212],"are":[64],"represented":[66],"DOM.":[69],"main":[71],"alternative":[72],"approach,":[73],"snapshot":[74,79,83,108,149,216],"testing,":[75],"involves":[76],"comparing":[77],"oracle":[78,107,165],"images":[80,84,109,150],"test-time":[82],"using":[85,170],"an":[86,139,204,210],"image":[87],"similarity":[88,172],"metric":[89],"catch":[91],"visual":[92,132,191],"bugs,":[93],"i.e.,":[94],"bugs":[95,133,192],"application.":[102],"creating":[104],"maintaining":[106],"for":[110],"onerous,":[114],"defeating":[115],"purpose":[117],"automation.":[120],"In":[121],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124,147],"present":[125],"a":[126,152,163,168,194],"novel":[127],"approach":[128,187,202],"detect":[131],"games.":[136],"By":[137],"leveraging":[138],"internal":[140],"representation":[141],"objects":[143],"<canvas>,":[146],"decompose":[148],"into":[151,193],"set":[153],"object":[155],"images,":[156],"each":[157],"which":[159],"compared":[161,208],"respective":[164],"asset":[166],"(e.g.,":[167],"sprite)":[169],"four":[171],"metrics:":[173],"percentage":[174],"overlap,":[175],"mean":[176],"squared":[177],"error,":[178],"structural":[179],"similarity,":[180],"embedding":[182],"similarity.":[183],"We":[184],"evaluate":[185],"our":[186,201],"by":[188],"injecting":[189],"24":[190],"custom":[195],"game,":[197],"find":[199],"that":[200],"achieves":[203],"accuracy":[205,211],"100%,":[207],"44.6%":[213],"traditional":[215],"testing.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
