{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308627665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549034.3561178","title":"Using machine learning to guide the application of software refactorings: a preliminary exploration","display_name":"Using machine learning to guide the application of software refactorings: a preliminary exploration","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308627665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549034.3561178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3549034.3561178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549034.3561178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061080","display_name":"Nikolaos Nikolaidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Nikolaidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macedonia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024300597","display_name":"Dimitrios Zisis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Zisis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accenture, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accenture, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057023981","display_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-7302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macedonia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081514756","display_name":"Nikolaos Mittas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-7864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Mittas","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Hellenic University, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Hellenic University, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005131176","display_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5381-8418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macedonia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macedonia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9690234661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.9664117097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6468387246131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5839461088180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5376644730567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.47912833094596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4652605354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.4620458781719208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45455658435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.44602951407432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4136952757835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.35657578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2173415720462799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9690234661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.9664117097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6468387246131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5839461088180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5376644730567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.47912833094596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4652605354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.4620458781719208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45455658435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.44602951407432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4136952757835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.35657578706741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2173415720462799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3549034.3561178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3549034.3561178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Machine Learning Techniques for Software Quality Evaluation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5897016138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"871177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483912892","https://openalex.org/W1833911422","https://openalex.org/W2080406045","https://openalex.org/W2113157806","https://openalex.org/W2146134503","https://openalex.org/W2157543803","https://openalex.org/W2162451880","https://openalex.org/W2749730959","https://openalex.org/W2773202551","https://openalex.org/W2795027827","https://openalex.org/W2884383450","https://openalex.org/W3040728396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780981476","https://openalex.org/W2088986462","https://openalex.org/W4221160381","https://openalex.org/W3166181464","https://openalex.org/W2955607951","https://openalex.org/W4226265053","https://openalex.org/W4385569644","https://openalex.org/W2946499381","https://openalex.org/W2187939805","https://openalex.org/W4214834810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Refactorings":[0],"constitute":[1],"the":[2,25,31,44,72,85,89,94,104,109,124,133,154,165,177,181,187,196,219,237,244,253,270],"most":[3],"direct":[4],"and":[5,27,42,70,113,131,147],"comprehensible":[6],"ap-proach":[7],"for":[8,152,169,269],"addressing":[9],"software":[10,191],"quality":[11],"issues,":[12],"stemming":[13],"directly":[14],"from":[15,176,241,252],"identified":[16],"code":[17],"smells.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"despite":[20],"their":[21,53],"popularity":[22],"in":[23,281],"both":[24],"research":[26],"industrial":[28],"communities:":[29],"(a)":[30],"effect":[32],"of":[33,46,61,80,84,88,103,111,126,135,156,189,201,211,221,246,255,272],"a":[34,59,67,116,143,190,276],"refactoring":[35,48,68,230,277],"is":[36,58],"not":[37,51,275],"guaranteed":[38],"to":[39,65,283],"be":[40,100,234],"successful;":[41],"(b)":[43],"plethora":[45],"available":[47],"opportunities":[49],"does":[50],"allow":[52],"compre-hensive":[54],"application.":[55],"Thus,":[56],"there":[57],"need":[60],"guidance,":[62],"on":[63,138,164],"when":[64,71,115],"apply":[66],"opportunity,":[69],"development":[73],"team":[74],"shall":[75],"postpone":[76],"it.":[77],"The":[78,199,215],"notion":[79],"interest,":[81,161],"forms":[82],"one":[83],"major":[86],"pil-lars":[87],"Technical":[90,139,224,285],"Debt":[91,140,225,286],"metaphor":[92],"expressing":[93],"additional":[95],"maintenance":[96],"effort":[97],"that":[98,183,218,236],"will":[99],"required":[101],"because":[102],"accumulated":[105],"debt.":[106],"To":[107,159,257],"assess":[108],"benefits":[110],"refactorings":[112,137,182,206,222],"guide":[114],"refac-toring":[117],"should":[118,278],"take":[119,279],"place,":[120,280],"we":[121,162,261],"first":[122],"present":[123],"results":[125,216,245],"an":[127,264],"empirical":[128],"study":[129,203],"assessing":[130],"quantifying":[132],"impact":[134,239],"various":[136],"Interest":[141],"(building":[142],"real-world":[144],"training":[145],"set)":[146],"use":[148],"machine":[149],"learning":[150],"approaches":[151],"guiding":[153],"application":[155,254],"fu-ture":[157],"refactorings.":[158,256],"estimate":[160],"rely":[163],"FITTED":[166],"framework,":[167],"which":[168],"each":[170],"object-oriented":[171],"class":[172],"assesses":[173],"its":[174],"dis-tance":[175],"best-quality":[178],"peer;":[179],"whereas":[180],"are":[184,193],"applied":[185,207],"throughout":[186],"history":[188],"project":[192],"extracted":[194],"with":[195],"RefactoringMiner":[197],"tool.":[198],"dataset":[200],"this":[202,259],"involves":[204],"4,166":[205],"across":[208],"26,058":[209],"revisions":[210],"10":[212],"Apache":[213],"projects.":[214],"suggest":[217],"majority":[220],"reduce":[223,284],"interest;":[226],"however,":[227],"considering":[228],"all":[229],"appli-cations,":[231],"it":[232],"cannot":[233],"claimed":[235],"mean":[238],"differs":[240],"zero,":[242],"confirming":[243],"previous":[247],"studies":[248],"highlighting":[249],"mixed":[250],"ef-fects":[251],"alleviate":[258],"problem,":[260],"have":[262],"built":[263],"adequately":[265],"accurate":[266],"(~70%)":[267],"model":[268],"predic-tion":[271],"whether":[273],"or":[274],"order":[282],"interest.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}